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Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (OECD, EUROSTAT, CIS) official sources.
General note: The UNECE secretariat presents time series ready for immediate analysis. When appropriate, source segments with methodological differences have been linked or rescaled to build long consistent time series.
Wages common currency (US$) estimates: are computed by the UNECE Secretariat using the nominal exchange rates.
Gross average monthly wages cover total wages and salaries in cash and in kind, before any tax deduction and before social security contributions. They include wages and salaries, remuneration for time not worked, bonuses and gratuities paid by the employer to the employee. For most countries wages cover total economy and are expressed per full-time equivalent employee. This enables comparison of different countries irrespective of the length of working time and the share of part-time and full-time workers.
Where data are not available in full-time units, it has been mentioned in the note for the corresponding country. In these cases, the wages are either expressed for full-time workers only or total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers.
In the case of three countries, wages do not cover total economy. Iceland collects wages for the private sector only. Serbia excludes services provided by households, and Turkey excludes agriculture, fishing and forestry as well as services provided by households.
Three countries measure wages and salaries in cash only, excluding in kind remuneration. These are Bosnia and Herzegovina, Estonia and Iceland.
.. - data not available
Data for the years 1991-1996 only cover wages in the public sector. Data from 1997 includes earnings in public and private sector. The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers.
The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. 1993 denomination of the ruble: 1 new manat = 10 old rubles. 2006 redenomination of the ruble: 1 new manta = 5000 old rubles.
The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. 1994 denomination of the Belarusian ruble: 1 new ruble = 10 old rubles. 2000 redenomination of the ruble: 1 new ruble = 1000 old rubles.
The wages include remuneration in cash only, not in kind, and the total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers.
The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. Free lancers and craft workers are not included. 1994 denomination of the Croat dinar: 1 new Croatian Kuna = 1000 dinars.
The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. 1995 denomination of the lari-kupon: 1 new Georgian Lari = 1000000 old lari-kupon.
Data refer to full-time workers in the private sector only including manufacturing, construction, trade and transport. The wages include remuneration in cash only, not in kind.
Data refer to average monthly wages per employee job total, including territories and foreigners. The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers.
The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. 1993 denomination of the Soviet ruble: 1 new Kyrgyz = 200 old rubles. Data for 1990-2006 includes the value of housing.
2015: Euro has become the legal tender currency. 1993 denomination of the Soviet ruble: 1 new litas = 100 old rubles.
The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. Data before 1999 only include payment in cash. 1992 denomination of the Yugoslav dinar: 1 new Macedonian denar = 1 old Yugoslav dinar. 1993 redenomination of the Macedonian denar: 1 new Macedonian denar = 100 old Macedonian denar.
The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. 1993 denomination of the cupon: 1 new leu = 1000 old cupon.
1991 denomination of the Lei: 1 new Leu = 10 000 old Lei. 2005 redenomination of the Leu: 1 New Leu = 10000 old Leu.
The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. 1998 denomination of the Russian ruble: 1 new ruble = 1000 old rubles.
1999 excludes Kosovo and Metohija. The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. Wages in services provided by households are not included, covers economic activities A-O (ISIC Rev.3).