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Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (CIS, EUROSTAT, IMF, OECD, World Bank) official sources.
General note: The UNECE secretariat presents time series ready for immediate analysis. When appropriate, source segments with methodological differences have been linked or rescaled to build long consistent time series.
The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted the production of statistics and limited access to available resources and data sources. This might have impacted the quality of statistics for 2020.
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Currency: Albanian lek (ALL)
Currency: Armenian dram (AMD), replaced the Soviet rouble at 1:200 in 1993. All data are expressed in the latest currency units.
Currency: euro (€)
Currency: Azerbaijanian manat (AZM) redenominated at 1:5000 in 2006. All data are expressed in the latest currency units.
Currency: Belarusian rouble (BYR) redenominated at 1:10 in 1994, at 1:1000 in 2000, and again 1:10000 in July 2016. All data are expressed in the latest currency units.
Currency: Bosnia and Herzegovina, convertible marka (BAM).
Currency: Euro (€), from 1st January 2026, all exchange rate statistics for Bulgaria (including the historical series) are expressed in euros.
Currency: Canadian dollar (CAD).
Currency: Euro (€), from 1st January 2023, all exchange rate statistics for Croatia (including the historical series) are expressed in euros.
Currency: euro (€)From 1st January 2008, Euro has become the legal tender currency in Cyprus. As a result of this change, all exchange rate statistics for Cyprus (including the historical series) are expressed in Euro.
Currency: Czech koruna (CZK).
Currency: Danish krone (DKK).
Currency: Euro (€), from 1st January 2011, all exchange rate statistics for Estonia (including the historical series) are expressed in euros.
Currency: Georgian lari (GEL), replaced the lari-kupon at 1: 1000000 in 1995. All data are expressed in the latest currency units.
Currency: Hungarian forint (HUF).
Currency: Iceland krona (ISK).
Currency: New shekel (ILS).
Currency: Kazakh tenge (KZT ) replaced the Soviet rouble at 1:500 in 1992. All data are expressed in the latest currency units.
Currency: Kyrgyz som (KGS), replaced the Soviet rouble at 1:200 in 1993. All data are expressed in the latest currency units.
Currency: Euro (€), from 1st January 2014, all exchange rate statistics for Latvia (including the historical series) are expressed in euros.
Currency: Euro (€), from 1st January 2015, all exchange rate statistics for Lithuania (including the historical series) are expressed in euros.
Currency: Euro (€)
Currency: Euro (€)From 1st January 2008, Euro has become the legal tender currency in Malta. As a result of this change, all exchange rate statistics for Malta (including the historical series) are expressed in Euro.
Currency: Macedonian denar (MKD) replaced the Yugoslav dinar at 1:1 in 1992, redenominated at 1:100 in 1993. All data are expressed in the latest currency units.
Currency: Norvegian krone (NOK).
Currency: Polish zloty (PLZ) redenominated at 1:10000 in 1995. All data are expressed in the latest currency units.
Currency: Moldovan leu (MDL), replaced cupon at 1:1000 in 1993. All data are expressed in the latest currency units.
Currency: Romanian New Leu (RON), replaced the Romanian Leu at 1:10000 2005. All data are expressed in the latest currency units.
Currency: Russian rouble (RUB) redenominated at 1:1000 in 1998. All data are expressed in the latest currency units.
Currency: Serbia new dinar (CSD).
Currency: Euro (€)From 1st January 2009, euro has become the legal tender currency in Slovakia. As a result of this change, all exchange rate statistics for Slovakia (including the historical series) are expressed in euro.
Currency: Swedish krona (SEK).
Currency: Swiss franc (CHF).
Currency: Tajik somoni (TJS) replaced the Tajik rouble at 1:1000 in 2000. The Tajik rouble replaced the Soviet rouble. All data are expressed in the latest currency units.
Currency: New Turkish lira (TRY); since 1 January 2005, replaced the Turkish Lira (TRL), with one TRY being equivalent to one million TRLs. All data are expressed in the latest currency units.
Currency: Turkmen Manat (TMM) replaced the Soviet rouble at 1:500 in 1993 and after January 2009 denomination New Turkmen Manat (TMN) replaced the old currency at 1:5000. All data are expressed in the latest currency units.
Currency: Ukrainian hryvnia (UAH) replaced the former karbovanets at 1:100000 in 1996. All data are expressed in the latest currency units.
Currency: British pound (GBP).
Currency: United States dollar (USD).
Currency: Uzbekistani sum (UZS) replaced the Soviet rouble at 1:1000 in 1993. All data are expressed in the latest currency units.