Employment by public and private sector, sex

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources.

Definition:
The employed are all the persons above a specified age who, during a specified brief period, either one week or one day, were in the following categories:
(a) paid employment:
(a1) at work: persons who, during the reference period, performed some work for wage or salary, in cash or in kind;
(a2) with a job but not at work: persons who, having already worked in their present job, were temporarily not at work during the reference period and had a formal attachment to their job;
(b) self-employment:
(b1) at work: persons who, during the reference period, performed some work for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind;
(b2) with an enterprise but not at work: persons with an enterprise, which may be a business enterprise, a farm or a service undertaking, who were temporarily not at work during the reference period for any specific reason.
For additional information, see the International Conference of Labour Statisticians (ICLS).
The private sector covers private corporations (including those in foreign control), households and Non-Profit Institutions Serving Households (NPISHs).
The public sector covers all sub-sectors of general government (mainly central, state and local government units, together with social security funds imposed and controlled by those units) and public corporations, i.e. corporations which are subject to control by government units (usually defined by the government owning the majority of shares).

General note: Data come from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) unless otherwise specified. Data from the LFS and from population censuses normally comply with the definition above.

.. - data not available

Country: Armenia

- Break in methodology (2014-2019): Since 2014 data are based on the Labour Force Survey. From 2018, the LFS methodology has been revised and the data refer to permanent residence.
- Break in methodology (2008): since 2008 data refer to population aged 15-75.
- Break in methodology (2007): From 2007 to 2013 data are based on the Integrated Survey of the Household Living Standards. The 2007 data refer to population aged 16-75.
- Break in methodology (2001, 2002): For the periods of 1980-2000 and 2002-2006 data on employment are based on integrated data received from various sources. For 2001 data are from Population Census.

Country: Austria

Break in methodlogy (2004): Break in series due to change in data collection procedure.

Country: Azerbaijan

Data are based on Population Census, establishment survey and registers

Country: Belarus

Data are based on administrative registers. Data for private sector include corporations with mixed ownership.
2010: changes in methodology

Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina

Additional information (1990 - 2008): Data are based on administrative records and related sources

Country: Bulgaria

Change in definition (2003 - 2019): Annual average data

Country: Bulgaria

Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1993 (September).

Country: Bulgaria

Reference period (1995 - 2002): Data refer to June of the corresponding year

Country: Canada

Data for not stated refers to self-employed.

Country: Croatia

Data given for 2009 onwards are calibrated according to the results of the Census 2011 and are not fully comparable with data given for previous years.

Country: Cyprus

Change in definition (1980 - 2008): Data refer to full-time equivalent (FTE) employment. Data are based on official estimates

Country: Cyprus

Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1981

Country: Cyprus

Territorial change (1980 - 2008): Data cover the area controlled by the Republic of Cyprus

Country: Czechia

Break in methodlogy (1990 - 2008): Data are based on Labour Force Survey, enterprise survey and registers

Country: Denmark

Data are based on administrative records and related sources

Country: France

Reference area: Metropolitan France

Country: France

Data are based on Labour Force Survey, enterprise survey and registers

Country: Georgia

Data do not cover Abkhazia and South Ossetia (Tshinvali).

Country: Germany

Additional information (1995 - 2007): Data are based on Labour Force Survey, enterprise survey and registers

Country: Greece

Data refer to annual averages.

Country: Hungary

Data are based on Labour Force Survey, enterprise survey and registers.
Private sector : data include corporations with mixed ownership.

Country: Ireland

Data are based on administrative registers.
2008 : break in series due to change in methodology. The series previously published up to 2008 was derived from the Quarterly Public Sector inquiry (QPI). The data from 2008,2009 and 2010 is now generated from the Earnings,Hours and Employment Cost Survey (EHECS)There are different methodologies used in both.They are as follows: The QPI was data generated from one reference period in the quarter.The EHECS survey is an average over the full quarter. The QPI had some whole time equivalents in the data ,EHECS uses a head count. The data from EHECS will therefore be higher

Country: Israel

Change in definition (2000 - 2008): Data on public sector refer to General Government only.

Country: Italy

Additional information (1990 - 2008): Data are based on Labour Force Survey, enterprise survey and registers

Country: Kyrgyzstan

Additional information (1995 - onwards): Data for private sector are obtained by subtracting the number of employed in public sector from the total number of employed.

Country: Latvia

Change in definition (1995 - 2001): Data refer to the population aged 15+.

Country: Latvia

Change in definition (2002 - 2012): Data refer to the population aged 15-74.

Country: Latvia

Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1996.

Country: Luxembourg

Change in definition (1990 - 2008): There is no sector variable in the LFS. The public sector is defined as the sum of the NACE rev1 sections L and M

Country: Luxembourg

Change in definition (2009 - 2019): There is no sector variable in the LFS. The public sector is defined as the sum of the NACE rev2 sections O and P

Country: Luxembourg

Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1983

Country: Poland

- From Y2021, changes resulting from implementation of the common framework for social statistics, i.e. Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 October 2019 and its implementing acts, have been introduced in the Polish LFS. Due to the introduced changes the results cannot be compared with the previous periods from Y2021 onwards.Since Y2021, the data have concerned population aged 15-89 years (until Y2020, it was aged 15 and more).
- Since the third quarter of Y2012, generalization of the LFS results over the general population has been carried out with the use of the data on the population of Poland aged 15 and more obtained from the balances compiled on the basis of the Population and Housing Census 2011. Moreover, the methodological changes have been taken into account, excluding from the survey persons staying outside households for 12 months or longer (until the second quarter of Y2012, it was over 3 months). In order to maintain comparability of the time series after the introduced changes, the data for the years Y2010-Y2011 are also presented in a version including these changes; the data are not fully comparable with the results of the surveys prior to Y2010.

Country: Republic of Moldova

- Break in methodology (2019): From 2019 LFS is carried out on a new sampling plan.
- Break in methodology (2014-2018): Data for 2014-2018 were recalculated based on usual resident population.
- Reference period (2000-2013): Data were estimated using the number of resident population.

Country: Romania

Mixed sector - included in ''private sector'' for years 2007 onward; for year 1995-2006 mixed sector is included in the ''sector not stated'' row. Break in series starting with year 2009. For years 2014 onward data were estimated using the resident population. For years 2009-2013 data were estimated based on revised population figures (resident population) in accordance to the 2011 Census results.

Country: Serbia

- Persons included in ''Public/private sector not stated'' category are those who work in other forms of ownership.
- Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija.

Country: Slovakia

Data are based on Labour Force Survey, enterprise survey and registers.

Country: Slovenia

Data come from the Slovenian Statistical Register of Employment and cover persons who hold paid employment, self-empoyed persons who have compulsory social insurance and trainees. Data do not cover persons working abroad.

Country: Sweden

Break in methodlogy (2004 - 2005): For "Employment Public/private sector not stated" persons working abroad are included in 2005 and forward but seen as outside the labor force in 2004 and before.

Country: Switzerland

Change in definition (1980 - 1990): Sector not stated : data include trainees.

Country: Switzerland

Reference period (2000 - 2009): Data refer to 2nd quarter

Country: Tajikistan

Change in definition (2004): Data include working migrants

Country: Turkiye

Break in methodlogy (2004): Data are revised according to the 2008 population projections.

Country: Ukraine

From 2014 data cover the territories under the government control.

Country: Ukraine

For 2000-2011 data compiled according ISIC 3 Rev.1, since 2012 ISIC 4 is in use

Country: Ukraine

Data do not cover the area of radioactive contamination from the Chernobyl disaster.