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Long term unemployment by sex

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Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (Eurostat) official sources.

Definition:
The unemployed are all the persons above a specific age who, during the reference period, were:
(a) without work, i.e. were not in paid employment or self-employment, and
(b) currently available for work, i.e. were available for paid employment or self-employment during the reference period, and
(c) seeking work, i.e. had taken specific steps in a specified reference period to seek paid employment or self-employment.
For additional information, see the International Conference of Labour Statisticians (ICLS).
The long-term unemployed are the persons who have been unemployed for 12 months or more.
The long-term unemployment rate is the share of the long-term unemployed in the total unemployed population.

General note: Data comes from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) unless otherwise specified.

Units of measurement: Long-term unemployed persons are shown in thousands. Long-term unemployed rates are shown as a percentage of all unemployed persons.

Country: Albania

Change in definition (1995 - 2012): Data refer to registered long-term unemployment.

Country: Armenia

Break in methodology: Labour Force Survey methodology revised.
Break in methodology: From 2014 onwards data are based on the Labour Force Survey.
Break in methodology: from 2008 data refer to the population aged 15-75 and compiled according to ILO definition.
Break in methodology: from 2007 to 2013 data are based on the Integrated Survey of the Household Living Standards. 2007 data refer to population aged 16-75.
Up to 2006: data refer to the population aged 16-63 and based on administrative register.

Country: Belarus

From 1995-2013: Data refer to registered unemployment.Break in methodology: From 2014, data refer to Labor Force Survey and to the population aged 15-74.

Country: Belgium

1990 : data refer to 1992.

Country: Bulgaria

1990 : data refer to 1993.

Country: Canada

Data do not cover the three northern territories (Yukon, Northwest and Nunavuk ).

Country: Cyprus

Data cover only the area controlled by the Republic of Cyprus.
1980-1990 : data refer to the persons who have been unemployed for 6 months or more.

Country: Czechia

1995 : data refer to 1997.

Country: Denmark

1990 : data refer to 1992.

Country: Estonia

1995 : data refer to 1997.

Country: France

Data do not cover the overseas departments (DOM).
1990 : data refer to 1992.

Country: Georgia

Territorial change (2002 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali Region

Country: Germany

1990 : data refer to 1992.

Country: Greece

1990 : data refer to 1992.

Country: Iceland

Change in definition (1990): Data refer to population aged 16-74.
Data refer to 1991.

Country: Iceland

Change in definition (1995 - 2013): Data refer to population aged 16-74.

Country: Ireland

1990 : data refer to 1992.

Country: Israel

Break in methodlogy (2000): In 1998: 1) Changes in the weighting method; 2) Transition to the 1995 Population Census estimates; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdf

Country: Israel

Break in methodlogy (2001): Changes in the weighting method. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/saka_y/e_intro_f1_comparison-mimi.f

Country: Israel

Break in methodlogy (2009): 1) Update of the definition of the civilian labour force characteristics; 2) Transition to the 2008 Population Census estimates. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications11/1460/pdf/intro05_e.pdf

Country: Israel

Break in methodlogy (2012): 1) Transitiom from a quarterly to a monthly LFS; 2) Changes in the definitions of labour force characteristics (including compulsory and permanent military service into labour force). See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications/labour_survey04/labour_f--orce_survey/answer_question_e_2012.pdf

Country: Israel

Change in definition (1980): Data refers to population 14+.

Country: Israel

Change in definition (2005): 1) Update of the definitions of labour force characteristics; 2) Changes in the Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdf

Country: Italy

1990 : data refer to 1992.

Country: Kyrgyzstan

Break in methodlogy (2002): Data are based on household survey

Country: Kyrgyzstan

Break in methodlogy (2003): From 2003, data are based on household income and labour force surveys.

Country: Kyrgyzstan

Change in definition (1995 - 2001): Data refer to registered long-term unemployment.

Country: Latvia

1995 : data refer to 1996 and to the persons who have been unemployed for 13 months or more.
1995/2000 : break in series due to adjustment to the results of 2000 Population Census.

Country: Luxembourg

1990 : data refer to 1992.

Country: Netherlands

1990 : data refer to 1992.

Country: Norway

From 2000 onwards, data refer to Labour Force Survey.Break in methodology: In 2006, new estimation method.

Country: Poland

1995 : data refer to 1997.

Country: Portugal

1990 : data refer to 1992.

Country: Republic of Moldova

Break in methodology (2019): From 2019 LFS is carried out on a new sampling plan.
Break in methodology (2014-2018): Data for 2014-2018 were recalculated based on usual resident population.
Reference period (2000-2013): Data were estimated using the number of resident population

Country: Republic of Moldova

Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender

Country: Romania

1995 : data refer to 1997.

Country: Russian Federation

Change in definition (1990 - 2013): Data present the population aged 15-72 years

Country: Russian Federation

Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1992

Country: Russian Federation

Territorial change (1990 - 2006): Data do not include the Chechen Republic

Country: Serbia

Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija.

Country: Slovenia

1995 : data refer to 1996.

Country: Spain

1990 : data refer to 1992.

Country: Switzerland

Data refer to the permanent resident population.
1990 : data refer to 1991.

Country: Turkiye

Break in series (2014): Since 2014 series are not comparable with the previous years due to methodological changes in LFS.

Country: Turkiye

Break in methodlogy (2004): Data are revised according to the 2008 population projections.

Country: Ukraine

Change in definition (2019): Data present the number of unemployed aged 15 and older
Change in definition (2000 - 2018): Data present the number of unemployed (ILO definition) aged 15-70 years who is seeking work 12 months or more.

Country: Ukraine

Territorial change (2000 - 2012): Data do not cover the area of radioactive contamination from the Chernobyl disaster.

Country: United Kingdom

1990 : data refer to 1992.