Разница в оплате труда между мужчинами и женщинами

Источник: Статистическая база данных ЕЭК ООН, сформирована на основе национальных и международных официальных источников.

Определение: Разница в оплате труда между мужчинами и женщинами определяется как разница между средней заработной платой мужчин и женщин, выраженная как процент от среднего заработка мужчин.Гендерная статистическая база данных ЕЭК ООН содержит два индикатора, представляющих два различных аспекта гендерного равенства.

Разница в оплате труда между мужчинами и женщинами в почасовой ставке – разница в оплате труда между мужчинами и женщинами в средней почасовой оплате. Этот индикатор отражает разницу между позициями мужчин и женщин на рынке труда в целом. Он измеряет разницу в ставках между мужчинами и женщинами, независимо от количества проработанных часов, типа деятельности или типа занятости.

Разница в оплате труда между мужчинами и женщинами в месячном заработке – разница в оплате труда между мужчинами и женщинами в среднемесячной оплате. Этот индикатор отражает расхождения между заработком мужчин и женщин в отдельно взятом периоде времени. Он учитывает различия в количестве проработанных часов и в типе работы, что отражается на различиях в экономической независимости мужчин и женщин.

Заработок - это вознаграждение в денежной и натуральной (в неденежной) форме, выплачиваемое работнику, как правило, в определенные промежутки за проработанное время или проделанную работу совместно с вознаграждением за время вне работы, как, например, ежегодные отпуска, иные оплачиваемые отпуска или праздники.
Заработок включает прямую заработную плату, вознаграждение за время вне работы, премии и пособия, жилье, семейные пособия, выплачиваемые работодателем непосредственно сотруднику.
Заработок не включает взносы работодателей в отношении своих работников в фонды социальной защиты и пенсионного обеспечения, а также вознаграждения, получаемые работниками в соответствии с этими схемами. Заработок также не включает пособия по сокращению и увольнению.

Валовой заработок - общий заработок до отчисления работодателем налогов, взносов работников в фонды социальной защиты и пенсионного обеспечения, премий по страхованию жизни, профсоюзных взносов и других обязательств работников.
Чистый заработок - зарплата, полученная работником после отчисления работодателем налогов, взносов работников в фонды социальной защиты и пенсионного обеспечения, взносов по страхованию жизни, профсоюзных взносов и других обязательств работников.

Общие замечания: Данные относятся к валовому заработку и охватывают оплачиваемых служащих всех категорий занятости, работающих на полной или частичной занятости. Любые отклонения от этого указаны в сносках для стран.

Разница в оплате труда между мужчинами и женщинами в почасовой ставке: Для стран-членов ЕС и ЕАСТ данные получены из Евростата. Начиная с 2006 года, они базируются на данных о заработке, собранных с помощью Исследования структуры доходов в ЕС и ЕАСТ и национальных оценках. Источниками данных до 2006 года служили данные Европейской панели обследования домохозяйств, Системы статистических данных о доходах и условиях проживания в ЕС (EU-SILC), а также данные национальных источников. Данные охватывают следующие виды экономической деятельности: промышленность, строительство, услуги, за исключением госуправления, обороны, обязательного социального страхования, деятельности домашних хозяйств в качестве работодателей, деятельности экстерриториальных организаций и органов (NACE Rev.2 секции B-S, за исключением О). Для стран, не входящих в ЕС, данные о почасовой оплате взяты из предоставленных странами ответов на вопросник ЕЭК ООН.

Разница в оплате труда между мужчинами и женщинами в месячном заработке: Данные о месячном зароботке взяты из предоставленных странами ответов на вопросник ЕЭК ООН, и официальной статистики по зароботку, доступной в базе данных Евростата и МОТ.

.. - данные отсутствуют

Страна: Албания

Average gross hourly wage rate:
- 2018: Source of information: Structure of Earnings Survey

Average gross monthly earnings:
- 2014-2019: Source of information: General Directorate of Taxation, social insurance contributors;INSTAT calculation

Страна: Армения

For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, data cover paid employees.

Страна: Австрия

- Gross monthly earnings refer to the monthly amount in the main job. It includes usual paid overtime, tips and commission but excludes income from investments, assets, savings, stocks and shares.
- ISCED-11 is used from survey year 2014 onwards. Prior to 2014 ISCED-97 was used.
- 2006-2018: For average hourly wages, source is SES.
- 2004-2019: For average montlyh earnings, source is EU-SILC.

Страна: Беларусь

Data refer to December of each year.

Страна: Беларусь

Collection method: enterprise-based data. Enterprises with less than 100 employees are excluded.

Страна: Болгария

Data cover employees only and are compiled from enterprise survey (four-yearly Structure of Earnings Survey). Overtime payments are included in average earnings.

Страна: Канада

For GPG in hourly earnings, data covers employees only, self-employed are excluded. The Labour Force Survey does not produce monthly earning estimates, data provided were instead expressed as the average weekly gross earnings.

Страна: Хорватия

For gender pay gap in hourly earnings, basic earnings exclude housing and family allowances. Refers to NACE Rev 2 activities B-S

Страна: Кипр

Data are based on the results of the Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) for years 2006 and 2010. Data for 2006 and 2010 have been revised to better reflect the definitions provided by UNECE.Hourly Wage Rate includes normal salary and regular bonuses paid to the employee (including payments for shift work). It excludes overtime payments, irregular bonuses and payments in kind.Monthly earnings include normal salary, regular bonuses paid to the employee (including payments for shift work) and payments for overtime. They exclude irregular bonuses and payments in kind.Coverage: Enterprises in all economic activities, excluding Agriculture, Fishing, Activities of Private Households and Extra-territorial Organisations. All enterprises covered had one or more employees. Self-employed are not covered.Geographical coverage: data refer to Government controlled areas only.

Страна: Чехия

Since 2011 all employees included in the sample surveys,including employees of enterprises with less than ten employees, employees of non-profit organizations, and also own-account workers that had not been measuredbefore.

Страна: Эстония

For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, data exclude self-employed persons. From 2014, breakdown by education is according to ISCED-2011.

Страна: Финляндия

The method of defining part/full-timers changed in 2001.

Страна: Финляндия

Data do not include irregular bonuses, housing and family allowances. Average monthly earnings data cover only full-time employees.

Страна: Франция

For gender pay gap in hourly earnings, data from 2006 are compiled from European Structure of Earnings Surveys. Earlier data are compiled from national sources.
For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, the underlying average earnings data for 2006 are compiled from EU Structure of Earnings Survey and cover employees in enterprises of 10 or more employees only. People working in public sector are not covered in data up to 2009. From 2014 data include overseas departments.

Страна: Грузия

Territorial change (2000 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali Region

Страна: Германия

- Data from 2006 onwards are compiled from European Structure of Earnings Surveys.
- Full-time workers and apprentices excluded.

Страна: Греция

For gender pay gap in hourly earnings, data from 2002 are compiled from European Structure of Earnings Surveys. Earlier data are compiled from national sources.
For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, the underlying average earnings data from 2006 on are compiled from EU Structure of Earnings Survey and cover employees in enterprises of 10 or more employees only. People working in public sector are not covered.

Страна: Венгрия

Data include only full-time employees. B-S (-O), 10 employees or more

Страна: Исландия

Change in definition (2000 - 2004): Only private sector - econmic activities ISIC-rev.3 D,F,G,I

Страна: Исландия

Change in definition (2005 - 2008): Only private sector - econmic activities ISIC-rev.3 D,F,G,I,J

Страна: Исландия

Change in definition (2009 onward): Private and public sector - economic activities ISIC-rev.4 C,D,E,F,G,H,J,K,O,P,Q. For all years data refer to average income from employment.

Страна: Израиль

Change in definition (2006 - 2012): Data cover both - paid employees and self-employed

Страна: Италия

Monthly earnings data are compiled from households surveys (EU-SILC) from 2006 to 2009 and from European Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) from 2010 onwards. The main difference with the SES definition is that the SES definition refers to the month of october and excludes bonuses and other items not payable each month. There is a break in the series between 2009 and 2010.

Страна: Казахстан

Average monthly nominal wages per employee is determined by dividing the amount of accrued payroll to the actual number of employees and the number of months in the reporting period.

Страна: Кыргызстан

Figures for hourly earnings are obtained by dividing the average monthly earnings by the average number of monthly working hours.

Страна: Латвия

Additional information (2002 onward): Data by education level are calculated for enterprises with number of employees 10 and more for NACE Rev.1.1 sections C-K (excluding L) on 2002 and 2006 and for NACE Rev.2 sections B-S (excluding O) on 2010 according to the methodology of structural indicator of European Comission Gender Pay Gap (GPG).

Страна: Латвия

Data cover paid employees only. Part-timers earnings have been equivalised to fill-time units. All data exclude remuneration of kind.

Страна: Литва

The gross earnings data on which GPG in monthly earnings are based exclude housing and family allowances.

Страна: Люксембург

For gender pay gap in hourly earnings, data from 2006 are compiled from European Structure of Earnings Surveys.
For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, data are compiled from European Structure of Earnings Surveys. Average monthly earnings are based on full-time equivalent employees, reference month is october. NACE B to S exclunding O

Страна: Мальта

For gender pay gap in hourly earnings, data from 2006 are compiled from European Structure of Earnings Surveys. For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, the underlying average earnings data for 2006 are compiled from EU Structure of Earnings Survey and cover employees in enterprises of 10 or more employees only. People working in public sector are not covered.

Страна: Нидерланды

The underlying average earnings refer to employees only and do not include bonuses, gratuities, housing and family allowances.

Страна: Норвегия

Data refer to full-time equivalent of paid employees only. Reference period: III quarter of each year. Data includes various additional allowances, bonuses, commissions and do not include payment for overtime work.

Страна: Польша

Change in definition (2001 - 2004): Data refer to full-time employees only. Family allowances are not inclueded.

Страна: Польша

Change in definition (2006 onward): Data cover employees only. Family allowances are not included.

Страна: Республика Молдова

From 2012 information is presented without the data on districts from the left side of the river Nistru and municipality Bender. Through 2011 data are for September for units with 20 and more employees. Starting with 2012 data are for units with one and more employees.

Страна: Румыния

Additional information (1990 - 2001): Data cover the entire country and are related to enterprises with 1+ employees. The average monthly gross earnings refers to the entire year.

Страна: Российская Федерация

Change in definition (2005 - 2013): Underlying Earnings data do not include end of year, seniority, bonus payments and other nonrecurrent payments . Data include employees worked whole October; data exclude non-regular, temporary, contractual, absent due to different reasons (maternity, sabbatical, annual leave), part-time workers and others.

Страна: Словакия

Data on monthly earnings cover all economic activities (all NACE Rev.2 sections)

Страна: Словения

In 2007 EURO was introduced instead of the national currency SIT.

Страна: Словения

Change in definition (2003 onward): Data refer to full-time employees only.

Страна: Словения

Provisional value (2014)

Страна: Испания

Additional information (2000): The results have been obtained as annual average of quarterly data form a wage survey. The coverage are local units with 5 or more employees.

Страна: Испания

From 2002-2003, the coverage is local units with 10 or more employees. Since 2004, coverage has been extended to all size units. ISCED-97 is used 2002-2010 and ISCED-11 in 2014.

Страна: Швеция

Change in definition (2000 - 2013): The Data cover only employees and exlude irregular bonuses and gratuities.

Страна: Швейцария

For monthly earnings, up to 2010 the data cover employees in private and public federal sectors. Since 2012, the data concern only the private sector.

Страна: Швейцария

The underlying average earnings data exclude overtime pay and family allowances and refer to full-time equivalents.
GPG figures computed from median earnings instead of averages.

Страна: Украина

From 2014 data cover the territories under the government control.

Страна: Украина

Up to 2009, the data do not cover small businesses, since 2010 the data include enterprises, institutions and organizations with 10 and more employees.

Страна: Соединенное Королевство

Monthly earnings are from the UK Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (ASHE) and defined as average gross weekly earnings for the reference period (Gpay), multiplied by 4.348. Earnings are of those over 15 only.