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Educational attainment by level of education, age and sex

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Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources.

Definition: Educational attainment is defined as the highest level successfully completed by the person, in the educational system of the country where the education was received. The levels of education are defined according to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED):
- Primary: ISCED level 1
- Lower secondary: ISCED level 2
- Upper and post secondary non-tertiary: ISCED levels 3-4
- Tertiary: ISCED 1997 levels 5-6 or ISCED 2011 levels 5-8.
In this table the upper secondary level includes post-secondary non-tertiary education.
For most countries the transition from ISCED 1997 to ISCED 2011 is from the scool year 2013-2014. For more details see Country Footnotes.

.. - data not available

Country: Armenia

Change in definition (1980 - 1990): Level of education ?not stated? includes population without education attainment.

Country: Armenia

Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1979

Country: Armenia

Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1989

Country: Austria

Break in methodology (2004): In 2014 a new weighting procedure for the LFS was introduced. Following this change in the weighting procedure, data was revised back to 2004.

Country: Austria

ISCED-11 (2014 onwards): Break in series due to the reclassification of a programme spanning levels: the qualification acquired upon successful completion of higher technical and vocational colleges is allocated in ISCED 2011 to ISCED level 5; under ISCED 1997 the same qualification was reported on ISCED level 4, but earmarked as equivalent to tertiary education

Country: Austria

Change in definition (1980 - 2000): Data before 2000 do not comply with ISCED97 as regards distinction between upper secondary and tertiary. ISCED97 5B mainly included in Upper Secondary.

Country: Austria

Change in definition (2004 - 2015): Data include ISCED Level 3c short in lower secondary level.

Country: Azerbaijan

Reference period (1980 - 2013): Data refer to end of year.

Country: Belarus

Additional information (1990 - 2013): Total includes population without education.

Country: Belarus

Break in methodlogy (1990): Data refer to 1989 census

Country: Belarus

Break in methodlogy (2000): Data refer to 1999 census

Country: Belgium

2010: break in series: change in methodology.

Measurement: Persons , Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina

Population by educational attainment, educational level not stated refers to the population with no primary schooling and some primary.

Country: Bulgaria

- Change in definition (2003 - 2019): Annual average data.
- ISCED-11 has been used since 2014.
- Reference period (1995 - 2002): Data refer to June of respective year.
- Break in methodology (2001): Data are from 2001 census.
- Break in methodology (1990): Data are from 1992 census.
- Break in methodology (1980): Data are from 1985 census.

Country: Canada

Additional information (1990 - onwards): Data cover non-institutionalized population in the 10 provinces, i.e. excluding the three Territories.

Country: Croatia

Change in definition (1980 - 1990): Data refer to population with permanent residence irrespective of actual residence and duration.
"Education level-not stated" comprises persons with unknown education level as well as persons with no school at all.

Country: Croatia

Change in definition (2001 - 2013): "Education level-not stated" comprises persons with unknown education level as well as persons with no school at all.

Country: Croatia

Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1981

Country: Croatia

Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991

Country: Cyprus

Change in definition (1990): Lower secondary level is included in upper secondary level

Country: Cyprus

Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1989

Country: Cyprus

Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1992

Country: Cyprus

Data cover only government controlled area

Country: Cyprus

From 2014, data compiled using ISCED 2011 classification.

Country: Cyprus

From 2000, persons who have not attended or finished primary education also included in primary education level.

Country: Estonia

Change in definition (1980 - 2000): Data are from censuses and refer to population aged 25+
Data for primary level attainment include persons who have not completed the primary level education.

Country: Estonia

Change in definition (2001 - 2013): Age group 25+ refers to 25-74, age group 50+ refers to 50-74.
Data for primary level attainment include persons who have not completed the primary level education.

Country: Estonia

Change in definition (2012): Data is from census 2011. Data refer to 31.december 2011
Data for primary level attainment include persons who have not completed the primary level education.

Country: Estonia

Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1979

Country: Estonia

Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1989

Country: Finland

Data for lower secondary level include primary level.

Country: Georgia

Change in definition (1980 - 2013): Level of education ?not stated? includes population without education attainment

Country: Georgia

Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1979

Country: Georgia

Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1989

Country: Germany

- Data from 1990 to 1998 are classified according to ISCED-76, data from 1999 to 2013 according to ISCED 97, data from 2014 on are classified according to ISCED 2011.
- Break in series (2014): From 2014 onwards, due to reallocation of programmes health sector schools of 2 or 3 years duration are now classified in ISCED 453. Previously these programmes had been allocated to tertiary education (ISCED 5B). On the other hand, all programmes for kindergarten teachers are now classified in tertiary (ISCED 655). Previously, some of these programmes at full-time vocational schools had been allocated to ISCED 3 or 4.

Country: Greece

Break in methodology (2000): From 2000, data refer to population residing in private households

Country: Greece

Change in definition (2001 - 2013): "Primary" includes also persons that did not completed ISCED 1 programs

Country: Greece

Data refer to annual averages. From 2014, estimates use ISCED-2011 classification.

Country: Hungary

Break in methodlogy (1995): Before 1995, data are from population censuses. From 2000, from

Country: Hungary

Change in definition (2000 - 2008): Data refer to population aged 25-74.

Country: Iceland

Break in methodology (2003): Change in data collection procedure. Data classified according to ISCED 2011.

Country: Iceland

Reference period (1990): 1990 refers to 1991

Country: Ireland

From 2000, data refer to age group 25-64. From 2014, data are compiled according to ISCED-2011. As a result data breakdown by education level not fully comparable with previous years.

Country: Ireland

Reference period (1980): Data refer to1981

Country: Ireland

Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991

Country: Ireland

Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1996

Country: Israel

Break in methodlogy (2001): Changes in the weighting method.

Country: Israel

Break in methodlogy (2009): Transition to the 2008 Population Census estimates.

Country: Israel

Break in methodlogy (2012): Transitiom from a quarterly to a monthly LFS.

Country: Israel

From 2012, using ISCED-2011. Totals include population by educational attainment, pre-primary.

Country: Italy

Break in methodology (2004): Change in data collection procedure. From 2014, data classified by ISCED 2011.

Country: Italy

Change in definition (1980 - 1990): Data for primary level attainment include persons who have not completed the primary level education

Country: Kyrgyzstan

Break in methodlogy (2000): Data refer to 1999 Census

Country: Kyrgyzstan

Break in methodlogy (2009): Data refer to 2009 Census

Country: Kyrgyzstan

Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1989 Census

Country: Latvia

Change in definition (1995 - 2001): Population aged 15+.
Data for primary level refers to level 0 and 1 of ISCED 1997 classification.

Country: Latvia

Change in definition (2002 onward): Population 15-74 age group. For 2002-2013, data for primary level refers to level 0 and 1 of ISCED 1997 classification. From 2014, data for primary level refers to level 0 and 1 of ISCED 2011 classification.

Country: Latvia

Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1996

Country: Luxembourg

Additional information (1990 - onwards): Data for age group 25+ refer to 25-74.

Country: Luxembourg

Break in methodlogy (2003): Switch from a face-to-face to a telephone survey

Country: Luxembourg

Break in methodlogy (2009): Random Digit Dialing has replaced the register-based sampling

Country: Luxembourg

Change in definition (1990 - 2012): The categroy `Lower secodnary` also includes persons who have at most attained the primary level

Country: Luxembourg

Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1992

Country: Malta

Some data not shown due to lack of reliability.

Country: Netherlands

Since 2003, ''Primary'' includes also ISCED level 0 (persons who have not successfully completed ISCED 1 programs).

Country: Norway

Break in methodology (2007): As of 2007, the results of a survey on education completed abroad before immigration to Norway is included. As a result , the proportion of ''educational level not stated'' was reduced. All data compiled according ISCED 2011.

Country: Poland

Change in definition (1990 - 2002): Upper secondary level includes lower secondary level.

Country: Poland

Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1988

Country: Portugal

Data from 2011 onwards are not directly comparable with data for the previous years due to new data collection methods used in the Portuguese Labour Force Survey series. Data from 2014 onward are compiled according to ISCED-2011. Data for ''educational level not stated'' refer to individuals who have not successfully completed ISCED level 1.

Country: Republic of Moldova

- Break in time series (2019 onwards): From 2019 LFS is carried out on a new sampling plan
- Break in time series (2014): From 2014, data are estimated using the usual resident population.Data for 2014-2018 were recalculated based on usual resident population
- Reference period (2000-2013): Data were estimated using the number of resident population
- Territorial change (2000 onwards): Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender

Country: Romania

Break in methodology (2002): Data series of 2002-2012 are not perfectly comparable with data series of previous years. For years 2014 onward data were estimated using the resident population. For year 2013 data were estimated based on revised population figures (resident population) in accordance to the 2011 Census results. Starting with year 2014 educational attainment collected according to ISCED 2011. Educational level not stated includes persons without any formal education graduated.

Country: Serbia

Data for education level not stated include population without education attainment.

Country: Slovakia

Change in definition (1995): data for total of education levels include only secondary and tertiary levels.

Country: Slovakia

Change in definition (2001 - 2011): data on primary education according to ISCED 97, level 1 is not available

Country: Slovenia

From 2014 data are compiled according to ISCED-2011 and persons with ISCED level 0 are excluded.

Country: Spain

Data are annual averages of the four quarters of the year. From 2014 data are compiled according to ISCED-2011

Country: Sweden

From 2010 onwards, data are compiled according to ISCED-2011.
Change in definition (2008 onwards): From 2008 data refer to population age 25+.
Break in methodology (2002): Quality improvement and change in classification from ISCED 1976 to ISCED 1997.Change in definition (1990 - 2007): Data refer to population aged 25-74.

Country: Switzerland

Break in methodlogy (2010): Major changes in data collection procedures (quaterly data instead of annual data).

Country: Switzerland

Change in definition (1990 - 2001): Lower sedondary education includes primary education

Country: Switzerland

Change in definition (2002): Change in definition of educational attainment levels

Country: Switzerland

Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991

Country: Switzerland

Since 2014, data are compiled according to ISCED-2011

Country: Ukraine

- Reference period (2005-2019): Since 2005, for the group ''Population, educational attainment, unspecified, 25+'' included persons aged 6 and over who reported that they had no primary education or were illiterate.
- Reference period (2002): Data of the 2001 All-Ukrainian Population Census.
- Reference period (1990): Data of the 1989 All-Union Population Census.

Country: United Kingdom

- Reference period (2002-2011): Figures prior to 2012 are of age group 25-54 and 55+
- Break in methodology (2002-2015): Figures prior to 2016 use a different methodology, where data from other sources is used to try and estimate the attainment level when it can not be derived from the Labour Force Survey.
- Lower secondary figures will include a small number with primary or lower education.

Country: United States

Change in definition (1980): Primary refers to grades 5-8, Lower Secondary refers to grade 9 in High School, no diploma, Upper Secondary refers to High School, college graduate, Tertiary refers to people who have completed Associate&
39;s degree through Doctorate degree, Not stated refers to people who didn&
39;t complete any schooling through 4th grade.
Data based on completed schooling years.

Country: United States

Change in definition (1990 - 2015): Primary refers to grades 5-8, Lower Secondary refers to grade 9 in High School, no diploma, Upper Secondary refers to High School, college graduate, Tertiary refers to people who have completed Associate`s degree through Doctorate degree, Not stated refers to people who did not complete any schooling through 4th grade.
Data based on degrees.

Measurement: Persons , Country: United States

Data come from Current Population Survey and refer to the month of March (in some cases February, March, and April) of each data year.