Convictions by age category and sex of offender

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources.

Definition: Persons convicted are persons found guilty by any legal body duly authorised to do so under national law, whether the conviction was later upheld or not.

.. - data not available

Country: Austria

Break in methodlogy (2000): Significantly reduced number of convictions between 1999 and 2000: the decline is due to diversion which is now applicable to adults in criminal law.

Country: Austria

Change in definition (1990): Juveniles: data refer to persons aged less than 19.
Persons, who were convicted more than once in the indicated year are multiple-counted.

Country: Austria

Change in definition (1995 - 2001): Juveniles: data refer to persons aged less than 19.

Measurement: Convictions , Country: Bulgaria

- Data from regular the NSI's annual statistical survey on crimes, accused and convicted persons.
- Break in methodology (2012): Since 2012 data include activities of the Special Criminal Court.
- Break in methodology (2000): Until 1997 data are based on the activity of the regional and district courts on penal trials of general, private and administrative character. Since 1998 the information for the activity of military courts is also included.

Measurement: Percent of total for both sexes , Country: Bulgaria

- Data from regular the NSI's annual statistical survey on crimes, accused and convicted persons.
- Break in methodology (2012): Since 2012 data include activities of the Special Criminal Court.
- Break in methodology (2000): Until 1997 data are based on the activity of the regional and district courts on penal trials of general, private and administrative character. Since 1998 the information for the activity of military courts is also included.

Measurement: Percent of total all age categories , Country: Bulgaria

- Data from regular the NSI's annual statistical survey on crimes, accused and convicted persons.
- Break in methodology (2012): Since 2012 data include activities of the Special Criminal Court.
- Break in methodology (2000): Until 1997 data are based on the activity of the regional and district courts on penal trials of general, private and administrative character. Since 1998 the information for the activity of military courts is also included.

Measurement: Convictions , Country: Canada

- 1995-2000: Data for adult courts represent the eight jurisdictions that have consistently reported to the adult component of the Integrated Criminal Court Survey since 1994/1995. The eight jurisdictions are: Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, Quebec, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and Yukon.
- 2000-2004: Data for adult courts represent the ten jurisdictions that have consistently reported to the adult component of the Integrated Criminal Court Survey since 2000/2001. The ten jurisdictions are: Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia and Yukon.
- 1995 - onwards: Information from adult criminal superior courts in Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan as well as municipal courts in Quebec could not be extracted from their electronic reporting systems and was therefore unavailable. Superior court information for Prince Edward Island was unavailable until 2018/2019. The absence of data from superior courts in these jurisdictions may have resulted in a slight underestimation of the severity of sentences since some of the most serious cases, which are likely to result in the most severe sanctions, are processed in superior courts.
- 1995 - onwards: Information on the sex of the accused is not available from Manitoba.
- 1995 - onwards: Data for adult courts represent individuals who were 18 years of age or older at the time of the offence. Data for youth courts represent individuals who were aged 12 to 17 years at the time of offence.
- 1995 - onwards: Data presented do not precisely correspond to persons convicted. Data represent number of guilty cases. A case is one or more charges against an accused person or company, which were processed by the courts at the same time (date of offence, date of initiation, date of first appearance, or date of decision/sentencing), and received a final decision. All data have been processed using this case definition.
- 1995 - onwards: Found guilty includes guilty of the charged offence, of an included offence, of an attempt of the charged offence, or of an attempt of an included offence. This category also includes cases where an absolute or conditional discharge has been imposed.
- 1995 - onwards: Data refer to fiscal year (April 1 through March 31 of following year).

Measurement: Percent of total for both sexes , Country: Canada

- 1995-2000: Data for adult courts represent the eight jurisdictions that have consistently reported to the adult component of the Integrated Criminal Court Survey since 1994/1995. The eight jurisdictions are: Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, Quebec, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and Yukon.
- 2000-2004: Data for adult courts represent the ten jurisdictions that have consistently reported to the adult component of the Integrated Criminal Court Survey since 2000/2001. The ten jurisdictions are: Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia and Yukon.
- 1995 - onwards: Information from adult criminal superior courts in Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan as well as municipal courts in Quebec could not be extracted from their electronic reporting systems and was therefore unavailable. Superior court information for Prince Edward Island was unavailable until 2018/2019. The absence of data from superior courts in these jurisdictions may have resulted in a slight underestimation of the severity of sentences since some of the most serious cases, which are likely to result in the most severe sanctions, are processed in superior courts.
- 1995 - onwards: Information on the sex of the accused is not available from Manitoba.
- 1995 - onwards: Data for adult courts represent individuals who were 18 years of age or older at the time of the offence. Data for youth courts represent individuals who were aged 12 to 17 years at the time of offence.
- 1995 - onwards: Data presented do not precisely correspond to persons convicted. Data represent number of guilty cases. A case is one or more charges against an accused person or company, which were processed by the courts at the same time (date of offence, date of initiation, date of first appearance, or date of decision/sentencing), and received a final decision. All data have been processed using this case definition.
- 1995 - onwards: Found guilty includes guilty of the charged offence, of an included offence, of an attempt of the charged offence, or of an attempt of an included offence. This category also includes cases where an absolute or conditional discharge has been imposed.
- 1995 - onwards: Data refer to fiscal year (April 1 through March 31 of following year).

Measurement: Percent of total all age categories , Country: Canada

- 1995-2000: Data for adult courts represent the eight jurisdictions that have consistently reported to the adult component of the Integrated Criminal Court Survey since 1994/1995. The eight jurisdictions are: Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, Quebec, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and Yukon.
- 2000-2004: Data for adult courts represent the ten jurisdictions that have consistently reported to the adult component of the Integrated Criminal Court Survey since 2000/2001. The ten jurisdictions are: Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia and Yukon.
- 1995 - onwards: Information from adult criminal superior courts in Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan as well as municipal courts in Quebec could not be extracted from their electronic reporting systems and was therefore unavailable. Superior court information for Prince Edward Island was unavailable until 2018/2019. The absence of data from superior courts in these jurisdictions may have resulted in a slight underestimation of the severity of sentences since some of the most serious cases, which are likely to result in the most severe sanctions, are processed in superior courts.
- 1995 - onwards: Information on the sex of the accused is not available from Manitoba.
- 1995 - onwards: Data for adult courts represent individuals who were 18 years of age or older at the time of the offence. Data for youth courts represent individuals who were aged 12 to 17 years at the time of offence.
- 1995 - onwards: Data presented do not precisely correspond to persons convicted. Data represent number of guilty cases. A case is one or more charges against an accused person or company, which were processed by the courts at the same time (date of offence, date of initiation, date of first appearance, or date of decision/sentencing), and received a final decision. All data have been processed using this case definition.
- 1995 - onwards: Found guilty includes guilty of the charged offence, of an included offence, of an attempt of the charged offence, or of an attempt of an included offence. This category also includes cases where an absolute or conditional discharge has been imposed.
- 1995 - onwards: Data refer to fiscal year (April 1 through March 31 of following year).

Measurement: Convictions , Country: Cyprus

- 1980 - onwards: Data refers to the Government-controlled area of Cyprus.
- Data is derived from district and assize courts.
- Data includes convictions of both serious crimes (in violation of the Penal Code) and minor offences, as well as traffic violations.

Measurement: Percent of total for both sexes , Country: Cyprus

- 1980 - onwards: Data refers to the Government-controlled area of Cyprus.
- Data is derived from district and assize courts.
- Data includes convictions of both serious crimes (in violation of the Penal Code) and minor offences, as well as traffic violations.

Measurement: Percent of total all age categories , Country: Cyprus

- 1980 - onwards: Data refers to the Government-controlled area of Cyprus.
- Data is derived from district and assize courts.
- Data includes convictions of both serious crimes (in violation of the Penal Code) and minor offences, as well as traffic violations.

Country: Czechia

Change in definition (2000 - 2012): Data include not only imprisonment but also e.g. fines, ban on activity, etc.

Measurement: Convictions , Country: Denmark

- Break in methodology (2007): From 1980 to 2006, data refer to all persons with a decision, incl. acquitted and prosecutor dropped. From 2007, data cover only those who are convicted.

Measurement: Percent of total for both sexes , Country: Denmark

- Break in methodology (2007): From 1980 to 2006, data refer to all persons with a decision, incl. acquitted and prosecutor dropped. From 2007, data cover only those who are convicted.

Measurement: Percent of total all age categories , Country: Denmark

- Break in methodology (2007): From 1980 to 2006, data refer to all persons with a decision, incl. acquitted and prosecutor dropped. From 2007, data cover only those who are convicted.

Country: Estonia

Break in methodlogy (1990): Change in laws and methodology.

Country: Finland

Break in methodlogy (2000): Offences against the Road Traffic Act carrying imprisonment as penalty were transferred to the Penal code on 1 October 1999.

Country: France

- Reference period (2018): Provisional figures.
- Reference periods (1995-2018): Ultraperipheric departments (New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Wallis and Futuna) have been excluded (the new geographical area is the French economic territory, including Corsica and overseas departments). Minor offences (contraventions) are excluded.

Country: Georgia

Territorial change (1990 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali Region.

Measurement: Convictions , Country: Germany

- Source: Administrative records: Federal Statistical Office, Criminal Court Prosecution Statistics

Measurement: Percent of total for both sexes , Country: Germany

- Source: Administrative records: Federal Statistical Office, Criminal Court Prosecution Statistics

Measurement: Percent of total all age categories , Country: Germany

- Source: Administrative records: Federal Statistical Office, Criminal Court Prosecution Statistics

Country: Greece

Change in definition (1990 - 2004): Juveniles: persons aged up to 17

Measurement: Convictions , Country: Iceland

- The data only includes convictions from the district courts.
- Due to missing information on the sex of some of the convicted persons, the total number of convicted persons does not equal the sum of convicted women and convicted men.

Measurement: Percent of total for both sexes , Country: Iceland

- The data only includes convictions from the district courts.
- Due to missing information on the sex of some of the convicted persons, the total number of convicted persons does not equal the sum of convicted women and convicted men.

Measurement: Percent of total all age categories , Country: Iceland

- The data only includes convictions from the district courts.
- Due to missing information on the sex of some of the convicted persons, the total number of convicted persons does not equal the sum of convicted women and convicted men.

Country: Ireland

Change in definition (2000 - 2002): Headline Incidents only being included. Juveniles: 16 years or younger.

Measurement: Convictions , Country: Israel

- Change in definition (1980 - 1990): Convicted juvenile offenders are those tried in juvenile courts.
- 2000-2018: The counts are based on persons convicted, by year of verdict. All findings refered to the years 2000-2018 were produced during December 2020.

Measurement: Percent of total for both sexes , Country: Israel

- Change in definition (1980 - 1990): Convicted juvenile offenders are those tried in juvenile courts.
- 2000-2018: The counts are based on persons convicted, by year of verdict. All findings refered to the years 2000-2018 were produced during December 2020.

Measurement: Percent of total all age categories , Country: Israel

- Change in definition (1980 - 1990): Convicted juvenile offenders are those tried in juvenile courts.
- 2000-2018: The counts are based on persons convicted, by year of verdict. All findings refered to the years 2000-2018 were produced during December 2020.

Country: Italy

Break in methodlogy (2000): Change in methodology and source

Country: Italy

Change in definition (1980 - 2011): Data refers to the convicted persons recorded in the Judicial Database

Country: Kazakhstan

Break in methodlogy (2000): Change of source as of 2000

Measurement: Convictions , Country: Montenegro

- Convicted persons are those found guilty and sentenced by the courts of general jurisdiction in the corresponding year.
- A validly convicted minor is a person aged between 14 and 18 convicted of a crime by a court of general jurisdiction in accordance with the criminal code.
- A validly convicted adult is a person aged over 18, convicted of a crime by a court of general jurisdiction in accordance with the criminal code.
- Data refer to calendar year.

Measurement: Percent of total for both sexes , Country: Montenegro

- Convicted persons are those found guilty and sentenced by the courts of general jurisdiction in the corresponding year.
- A validly convicted minor is a person aged between 14 and 18 convicted of a crime by a court of general jurisdiction in accordance with the criminal code.
- A validly convicted adult is a person aged over 18, convicted of a crime by a court of general jurisdiction in accordance with the criminal code.
- Data refer to calendar year.

Measurement: Percent of total all age categories , Country: Montenegro

- Convicted persons are those found guilty and sentenced by the courts of general jurisdiction in the corresponding year.
- A validly convicted minor is a person aged between 14 and 18 convicted of a crime by a court of general jurisdiction in accordance with the criminal code.
- A validly convicted adult is a person aged over 18, convicted of a crime by a court of general jurisdiction in accordance with the criminal code.
- Data refer to calendar year.

Country: Netherlands

Change in definition (1990 - 2012): Data exclude persons with unknown sex and age.

Country: Poland

Change in definition (1980 - 1990): Juveniles: persons aged up to 16.

Country: Poland

Change in definition (1995 - 2012): Juveniles: persons aged up to 17.

Country: Republic of Moldova

Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender

Measurement: Convictions , Country: Romania

- Source: Superior Council of Magistracy.

Measurement: Percent of total for both sexes , Country: Romania

- Source: Superior Council of Magistracy.

Measurement: Percent of total all age categories , Country: Romania

- Source: Superior Council of Magistracy.

Measurement: Convictions , Country: San Marino

- Source: Court of the Republic of San Marino.

Measurement: Percent of total for both sexes , Country: San Marino

- Source: Court of the Republic of San Marino.

Measurement: Percent of total all age categories , Country: San Marino

- Source: Court of the Republic of San Marino.

Measurement: Convictions , Country: Serbia

- Source: Regular annual SORS survey based on administrative sources.
- Territorial change (2000 - onwards): Data exclude territory of Kosovo and Metohija.

Measurement: Percent of total for both sexes , Country: Serbia

- Source: Regular annual SORS survey based on administrative sources.
- Territorial change (2000 - onwards): Data exclude territory of Kosovo and Metohija.

Measurement: Percent of total all age categories , Country: Serbia

- Source: Regular annual SORS survey based on administrative sources.
- Territorial change (2000 - onwards): Data exclude territory of Kosovo and Metohija.

Measurement: Convictions , Country: Slovakia

Source: The Ministry of Justice.

Measurement: Percent of total for both sexes , Country: Slovakia

Source: The Ministry of Justice.

Measurement: Percent of total all age categories , Country: Slovakia

Source: The Ministry of Justice.

Measurement: Convictions , Country: Slovenia

- Persons convicted are persons found guilty by any legal body duly authorised to do so under national law and the conviction was later upheld.

Measurement: Percent of total for both sexes , Country: Slovenia

- Persons convicted are persons found guilty by any legal body duly authorised to do so under national law and the conviction was later upheld.

Measurement: Percent of total all age categories , Country: Slovenia

- Persons convicted are persons found guilty by any legal body duly authorised to do so under national law and the conviction was later upheld.

Country: Spain

Break in methodlogy (2008): Before 2007: different source and partial coverage.

Country: Spain

Change in definition (1980 - 2013): Juveniles: persons aged between 14 to 17 years.

Country: Spain

Change in definition (2000 - 2006): Juveniles: persons aged between 14 to 17 years.
Convicted persons are partially reported by sex.

Country: Sweden

Change in definition (1980 onwards): Data refer to number of convictions. One person can contribute with more than one conviction during a calendar year.
Includes attempts, assistance, preparation and conspiracy to commit an offence.

Measurement: Convictions , Country: Switzerland

- Change in definition: Only convicted persons for felonies and misdemeanours.
- Additional information (1990 - 1995): Data are not complete (Juvenile convictions are not available)

Measurement: Percent of total for both sexes , Country: Switzerland

- Change in definition: Only convicted persons for felonies and misdemeanours.
- Additional information (1990 - 1995): Data are not complete (Juvenile convictions are not available)

Measurement: Percent of total all age categories , Country: Switzerland

- Change in definition: Only convicted persons for felonies and misdemeanours.
- Additional information (1990 - 1995): Data are not complete (Juvenile convictions are not available)

Measurement: Convictions , Country: Turkiye

- 2009-2021: The statistical unit is the convicted person. The decision on conviction could cover a freedom-binding punishment, a judicial fine, a postponement, a security measures and other conviction decision at the same time.
- 1990-2008: The statistical unit is the decision. A convicted person was counted as once within the year.

Measurement: Percent of total for both sexes , Country: Turkiye

- 2009-2021: The statistical unit is the convicted person. The decision on conviction could cover a freedom-binding punishment, a judicial fine, a postponement, a security measures and other conviction decision at the same time.
- 1990-2008: The statistical unit is the decision. A convicted person was counted as once within the year.

Measurement: Percent of total all age categories , Country: Turkiye

- 2009-2021: The statistical unit is the convicted person. The decision on conviction could cover a freedom-binding punishment, a judicial fine, a postponement, a security measures and other conviction decision at the same time.
- 1990-2008: The statistical unit is the decision. A convicted person was counted as once within the year.From 2014 data cover the territories under the government control.

Country: United Kingdom

Change in definition (2008 - onwards): For total convicted persons, male and female may not add up to total because the sex is not always recorded

Country: United Kingdom

Territorial change (1980): Data refer to England and Wales only.

Country: United States

Adults: data represent felony conviction in state and federal courts. 1995: data refer to 1994.