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Child care enrolment and availability rates

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Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (UNICEF TransMONEE) official sources.

Definition:
Child-care refers to formal child-care arrangements, public or private, such as group care in child-care centres (creche) or registered childminders based in their own homes looking after two or more children. Child-care refers to children at youngest age (typically children aged under 3); pre-primary schools are excluded.

Enrolment in child-care centres: Number of children aged under 3 enrolled in child-care centres per 100 children of the same age group. Data normally refer to beginning of the school-year.

Availability of places in child-care centres: Ratio of the number of places available for children aged under 3 in child-care centres per 100 children of the same age group. Data refer to beginning of the school-year.

General note: depending on the organization of education and child-care centers in countries, data may be available for age groups different from under 3 years. Such differences and other deviations from the above definitions are specified in country notes.

Country: Austria

- Reference period (2015-2019): Primary source: Day care centre statistics
- Change in definition (1995 - 2012): Data include centre-based institutions and exclude home-based arrangements. Age calculation as of 31 August, the beginning of school year.

Country: Belgium

Change in definition (1990 - 2012): Data refer to children aged 0-2.5 years

Country: Belgium

Reference period (2008 - 2009): Data refer to children enrolled on October 2008

Country: Belgium

Territorial change (1990 - 2012): Data cover only the French community of Belgium

Country: Bulgaria

- The children in cr?ches and groups in kindergartens are covered. The data refer as of 31.12 of the reference year.
- Reference period (1980 - 2012): Data refer to end of calendar year. E.g. 1980-1981 refers to 31.12.1980.

Country: Croatia

- Data refers to children aged 6 months to 2 years.
- Reference period (2011 - 2012): Census 2011 data are used for children of the corresponding age.

Country: Cyprus

Data refer to the Government controlled area only.

Country: Cyprus

Data only include enrolmemts in child care centres, exclude child care provided by registered childminders.

Country: Denmark

Reference period (2004): As of 2004, reference month changed from March to September.

Country: Estonia

Change in definition (1995 - 2007): Data refer to children aged 1?2 years.

Country: Estonia

Change in definition (2008 onward): Data refer to children aged 0-2 years.

Country: Estonia

Reference period (1995 - 2008): Data refer to middle of the school year, i.e. end of calendar year.

Country: Estonia

Reference period (2009 onward): Data refer to beginning of school year.

Country: Finland

Change in definition (2000 - 2012): Data refer to end of calendar year.

Country: Finland

The data include full- and part-time care in day care centres and families

Country: France

- Data cover only metropolitan France from 1995 to 2004 ; from 2005 onwards they cover the whole French territory.
- Child care refers to child care centers and registered childminders based in their own homes.
- The data exclude pre-primary school, kindergartens, unregistered childminders and childminders working at parents home.

Country: Georgia

Change in definition (2008 - 2009): Data cover only child care organizations and refer to december.

Country: Georgia

Territorial change (2000 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali Region.

Country: Germany

Break in methodology (1990): Average calculated for Germany

Country: Germany

Reference period (1990): Data refer to 21.12.1991.

Country: Germany

Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1994.

Country: Germany

Reference period (2000): Data on places refer to 31.12.1998.

Country: Germany

Children in day care are included starting with reference year 2012/2013 according to definition of ISCED Level 010 in ISCED 2011.

Country: Hungary

- Change in definition (1990 - 2007): Data for available places refer to all children enrolled including children aged 3+ years.
Data referred only to nurseries, from 2008 day care and child minding are also included.
- Reference period (1990 onward): Data refer to 31 May of each year.
- According to the new amendment of the Act XXXI on Child Protection that came into force on 1 January 2017, daytime care for young children has been organized with a new structure. The content and form of institutional benefits and services, as well as the mode of data transmission has changed fundamentally. The comparison of time series data with the previously available data is therefore not possible or only limited.

Country: Iceland

Change in definition (1990 - 2012): Data refer to children aged 0-2 years in formal child-care arrangements and with registered private child-minders.

Country: Italy

Change in definition (1980 - 2003): Data refer to formal child-care arrangements in public centres.

Country: Italy

Change in definition (2004 - 2012): Data refer to formal child-care arrangements, public or private.

Country: Kazakhstan

Change in definition (2001 - 2012): Data refer to children aged 0-2 years enrolled in permanent pre-primary organizations functioning at least 10 months per year. Data do not cover other types of existing organizations such as seasonal kindergartens etc.

Country: Kyrgyzstan

Reference period (1990 - 2012): Data refer to the end of the year.

Country: Lithuania

- Data refer to children aged 1-2 years.
- Reference period (2019): From 2019 onwards, Data refer to beginning of the school-year.
- Reference period (2012-2018): Administrative data. Data refer to end of calendar year.
- Reference period (1995-2011): Data source - Pre-school establishments survey. Data refer to end of calendar year.

Country: Montenegro

Change in definition (2000 - 2012): Data refer to children aged 0-2 years enrolled in pre-primary public organizations.

Country: Netherlands

- Data refer to children aged 0-4 years.
- From 2007-2008 and onwards, child care by host parents is included.
- 2000-2001 data refer to 2000, 2002-2003 data refer to 2002.

Country: Norway

Data refer to end of calendar year. i.e. 2000/2001 data refer to December 2000.

Country: Poland

- Reference period (from 2000 onwards): From 2000 onwards, data concern health care facility: nurseries and nursery wards of nursery schools. Since 2011, the data also apply to children’s club which are a new form of childcare. The data in the two-year period refers to the end of the calendar year mentioned in the range as earlier

Country: Portugal

Data refer to calendar year

Country: Portugal

Data cover mainland only.

Country: Republic of Moldova

- Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender. Data for indicator ''Places available in child-care centres per 100 children'' refers to 0-6 group of age.
- Data referring to places in early education institutions are not available for the for the 0-3 age group, so both indicators were calculated for the children aged 0 to less than 7 years
- Data are calculated based on the usual resident population.

Country: Romania

- Reference period (2016-2019): School population data is from annualy exhaustive surveys on early childhood education. Data on 0-3 years of age population are resident population data
- Reference period (2019-2020): Provisional data. Source: statistical survey on resident population as of July 1, 2019.
- Reference period (2018-2019): Source: statistical survey on resident population as of July 1, 2018.
- Reference period (2017-2018): Source: statistical survey on resident population as of July 1, 2017.
- Reference period (2016-2017): Source: statistical survey on resident population as of July 1, 2016.
- Break in methodology (2010): data refer to formal child-care in public and private sector. Starting 2010 data refer to children aged 0 to less than 3 years. The reference population is the population aged 0-2 years.
However in enrolled population also includes children aged 3 years and over. From 2014 data compiled according to ISCED 2011.
- Break in methodology (2002): From 2002, reference population is the resident population.
- Change in definition (1990 - 2012): Data refer to formal child-care in public and private sector.
- Reference period (1990 - 2012): Data refer to calendar year. i.e. data for 2009-2010 refer to 2009.
- Reference period (2010): Data refer to calendar year. i.e. data for 2009-2010 refer to 2009. Data refer to calendar year. i.e. data for 2010-2011 refer to 2010.

Country: Russian Federation

Reference period (2000 - 2012): Data are given at the end of the year.

Country: Serbia

Territorial change (2000 - 2012): The Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia has no available data on the AP Kosovo and Metohija.

Country: Spain

Data from Life Conditions Survey. Registered chilminders are not included in the data provided. Data are referred to regular child-care provided by institutions, even with educational contents. Break in series from 2017-2018 school year, since the information goes from being collected in the first quarter to the third quarter of the year. Therefore, no information is available for the 2016-2017 academic year.

Country: Sweden

Change in definition (1980 - onwards): Data refer to children aged 1-2 years due to longer parental leave which allows most children aged 0-1 years to be with their parents.

Country: Sweden

Reference period (2000): Before 2000/2001: data as of 31 December. From 2001: data as of 15 December.

Country: Switzerland

Answers of respondents refer to the period when survey takes place, therefore data refer to second half and not to the beginning of the school-year. Data refer to children from 0 to less than 4 years.

Country: Tajikistan

Change in definition (2000 - 2012): Data refer to children aged 0-3 years.

Country: Tajikistan

Reference period (2006 - 2007): Data refer to end of calendar year

Country: Ukraine

Reference period (1990 - 2014): Data refer to calendar year. For all years, data refer to children aged 0-2.

Country: United Kingdom

- Figures relate to England only and not the whole of the UK.
- Reference period (2018-2019): This covers all registered places from school-based providers, group-based providers and childminders. Does not include reception provision.
- Reference period (2017-2019): To avoid issues with double counting, these figures cover use of formal childcare, including the following categories: nursery school, nursery class attached to a primary or infants school, reception class, day nursery, playgroup or pre-school, breakfast club or activity, after-school club or activity, childminder, nanny or au pair. Children aged 0-4 years.
- Reference period (2010 - 2012): Childcare includes: Day nursery, Playgroup or Preschool, and Childminders. Childminders look after at least one child for more than 2 hours in any day. Figures do not relate to the beginning of the school year but to a term-time reference week. The Survey is not carried out at the same point each year.

Country: United States

Change in definition (1995 - 2012): Data refer to civilian, non-institutionalized population. Data refer to children enrolled in an organized care facility which includes day care centers, nursery, preschools, Federal Head Start programs, and kindergarten, grade school.

Country: United States

Reference period (2000): Data refer to 1999.