Employment by sector of activity and sex

.. - data not available

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (Eurostat and ILO) official sources.

Definition:
The employed are all the residents above a specified age who, during a specified brief period, either one week or one day, were in the following categories:
(a) paid employment:
(a1) at work: persons who, during the reference period, performed some work for wage or salary, in cash or in kind;
(a2) with a job but not at work: persons who, having already worked in their present job, were temporarily not at work during the reference period and had a formal attachment to their job;
(b) self-employment:
(b1) at work: persons who, during the reference period, performed some work for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind;
(b2) with an enterprise but not at work: persons with an enterprise, which may be a business enterprise, a farm or a service undertaking, who were temporarily not at work during the reference period for any specific reason.
For additional information, see the International Conference of Labour Statisticians (ICLS).

The breakdown by kind of economic activity is grouped into 3 categories. Agriculture includes agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing (ISIC Rev.3.1 Sections A-B or ISIC Rev.4 Section A). Industry includes mining and quarrying, manufacturing, electricity, gas and water supply, and construction (ISIC Rev.3.1 Sections C-F or ISIC Rev.4 Sections B-F ). Services comprise all other economic activities (ISIC Rev.3.1 Sections G-Q or ISIC Rev.4 Sections G-U).

Total employment provided in this table generally differ from total employment provided in Economic Statistics, which cover both residents and non-residents (according to the System of National Accounts 1993).

General note: Data come from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) unless otherwise specified in country footnotes. Data from the LFS and from population censuses normally comply with the definition above.

Country: Albania

Break in methodology (1980): from 1990 to 2006, data are based on administrative registers with sector breakdown according of NACE rev 1.1

Country: Albania

Break in methodology (2007): As of 2007 data are based on the Labour Force Survey. Sectors broken down according to NACE rev 1.1 (2007-2014) and NACE rev since 2015.

Country: Armenia

- For more detailed explanations, see: Labor Market in Armenia, ''https://armstat.am/file/article/lab_market_2022_4.2df

- Break in the time series (Y2018):
(a) The LFS methodology has been revised since 2018. The basis for the revision is the provision of the resolution ''Concerning statistics of work, employment and labour underutilization'' adopted by the 19th International Conference of Labour Statisticians (19th ICLS).
(b) The data refer to the population aged 15 to 74 years.- Break in methodology (Y2008): Data for Y2007 refer to the age group 16-75. Since Y2008 data refer to the age group 15-75.

- Break in methodology (Y2007, Y2014):
(a) For the period of Y1980-Y2000 and Y2002-Y2006 data on employment are based on integrated data received from various sources.
(b) From Y2007 to Y2013 data are based on the Integrated Survey of the Household Living Standards.
(c) Since Y2014 data are based on the Labour Force Survey.

Country: Austria

1980-1990 : data refer to national definition (Life Subsistence Concept). From 1995 : data comply with ILO definition.

Country: Azerbaijan

Official estimates.
1980 : data refer to 1983.

Country: Belarus

Data refer to the national classification. Services include construction.

Country: Belgium

1980 : data refer to 1983.

Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina

From year 2006 to 2011, data compiled using ISIC Rev 3.1, from 2012 using ISIC Rev 4.

Country: Bulgaria

1995 : data refer to 1997.

Country: Canada

Data do not cover the three northern territories (Yukon, Northwest and Nunavuk ).

Country: Croatia

1995 : data refer to 1996.

Country: Cyprus

Data cover only the area controlled by the Republic of Cyprus.
1990 : data refer to 1992.

Country: Denmark

1980 : data refer to 1982.

Country: Estonia

1990-1995 : data refer to the population aged 15-69. From 2000 : data refer to the population aged 15-74.

Country: Finland

Data refer to the population aged 15-74.

Country: France

Data do not cover overseas departments (DOM).

Country: Georgia

Break in methodology (1980 - 1995): Data are based on administrative registers

Country: Georgia

Territorial change (1995 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali Region

Country: Germany

1980 : data refer to 1983.
From 1991 : data cover former German Democratic Republic (East Germany).

Country: Hungary

1990 : data refer to 1992.

Country: Iceland

1980 : data refer to 1981 and are based on administrative registers. 1990 : data refer to 1991.
1980 : data refer to the population aged 15-74. From 1990 : data refer to the population aged 16-74.

Country: Ireland

1980 : data refer to 1983.

Country: Israel

Break in methodlogy (2000): In 1998: 1) Changes in the weighting method; 2) Transition to the 1995 Population Census estimates; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdf

Country: Israel

Break in methodlogy (2001): Changes in the weighting method. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/saka_y/e_intro_f1_comparison-mimi.f

Country: Israel

Break in methodlogy (2009): 1) Update of the definition of the civilian labour force characteristics; 2) Transition to the 2008 Population Census estimates. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications11/1460/pdf/intro05_e.pdf

Country: Israel

Break in methodlogy (2012): 1) Transitiom from a quarterly to a monthly LFS; 2) Changes in the definitions of labour force characteristics (including compulsory and permanent military service into labour force). See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications/labour_survey04/labour_f--orce_survey/answer_question_e_2012.pdf

Country: Israel

Break in methodlogy (2013): Changes in the Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities based on ISIC Rev.4; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications12/economic_activities11/--pdf/e_print.pdf

Country: Israel

Change in definition (1995): 1) Update of the definitions of labour force characteristics; 2) Changes in the Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdf

Country: Israel

Change in definition (2003): Changes in the Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities 2003, which mainly involved expanding the classification of high-tech industries; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/saka_y/e_int_g.pdf

Country: Italy

1980 : data refer to 1983.
1980-1990 : data refer to the economically active population aged 14+, which includes the persons who have been seeking employment in the last 6 months. From 1995 : data refer to the economically active population aged 15+, which includes the persons who have been seeking employment in the last 30 days.

Country: Kyrgyzstan

Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1996

Country: Latvia

1995 : data refer to 1996.

Country: Lithuania

1995 : data refer to 1997.

Country: Luxembourg

1980 : data refer to 1983.

Country: Netherlands

1980 : data refer to 1983.

Country: Poland

1990 : official estimates based on administrative registers.

Country: Republic of Moldova

Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender

Country: Republic of Moldova

Break in methodology (2019): From 2019 LFS is carried out on a new sampling plan.
Break in methodology (2014-2018): Data for 2014-2018 were recalculated based on usual resident population.
For the period 2000-2013 inclusive, data were estimated using the number of resident population.

Country: Romania

1995 : data refer to the population aged 14+.

Country: Russian Federation

Change in definition (2000 - 2013): Data present the population aged 15-72 years

Country: Russian Federation

Territorial change (1990 - 2006): Data do not include the Chechen Republic

Country: Serbia

Territorial change (2000 onward): Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija.

Country: Sweden

Data refer to the population aged 16-64.

Country: Turkiye

Break in series (2014): Since 2014 series are not comparable with the previous years due to methodological changes in LFS.

Country: Turkiye

Break in methodology (2004): Data are revised according to the 2008 population projections.

Country: Turkiye

- Break in methodology (Y2021): Data series is not comparable to previous years due to the adjustments in the definition, scope and design of the survey for Y2021.
- Up to 2008, economic activities in labour force survey (LFS) were coded by NACE Rev 1. From 2009 onwards, NACE Rev 2 has been used.

Country: Ukraine

For 2000-2011 data compiled according ISIC 3 Rev.1, since 2012 ISIC 4 is in use

Country: Ukraine

Territorial change (2000 - 2012): Data do not cover the area of radioactive contamination from the Chernobyl disaster.

Country: United Kingdom

Data refer to the population aged 16+.

Country: United States

Data refer to the population aged 16+.
Agriculture excludes forestry and fishing.

Country: Uzbekistan

Services include construction