Proportion of women who use internet weekly

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Proportion of men who use internet weekly

Proportion of men with tertiary education level

Proportion of women who use internet weekly

Proportion of women with tertiary education level

Share of women among researchers

Share of women among tertiary students

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Country	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Albania	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	98.4	98.6	..	..	..	..
Andorra	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	89.1	..	..	..	..	..	..
Azerbaijan	..	..	..	7.5	11.8	11.9	22.4	32.3	65.2	66.3	69.4	70.1	70.8	70.9	71.4	..	..	..	..
Austria	43.3	49.0	54.7	58.6	61.4	64.7	70.6	70.4	72.7	72.8	75.6	77.7	81.5	83.5	83.2	84.0	87.2	89.3	90.5
Belgium	47.9	54.4	59.1	61.5	65.8	70.3	75.2	75.3	77.8	81.4	82.6	82.4	85.2	85.4	87.4	89.4	91.6	92.7	93.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	62.5	68.3	67.5	..	..	..	..
Bulgaria	..	21.0	28.3	32.4	38.1	41.2	45.3	49.5	50.0	52.6	54.0	57.4	60.8	62.4	65.6	67.8	72.8	78.0	79.2
Belarus	..	..	..	..	25.7	24.0	32.0	40.6	44.9	50.1	54.8	58.8	63.9	70.6	75.9	..	..	..	..
Croatia	..	..	29.1	31.3	40.6	42.0	48.3	50.7	55.9	62.6	60.8	67.0	58.2	70.8	73.8	74.0	76.1	78.6	79.0
Cyprus	24.1	26.8	32.1	31.9	41.7	47.9	50.5	54.8	60.3	63.8	68.1	72.5	79.2	83.8	85.5	90.8	90.3	90.4	91.8
Czechia	22.6	33.2	38.7	47.5	52.0	55.0	60.3	66.1	68.7	72.9	75.8	77.5	78.2	83.1	83.6	85.8	87.0	88.7	89.6
Denmark	71.0	75.7	73.6	78.2	80.8	84.8	86.1	87.6	90.0	92.0	93.3	94.9	95.5	95.1	95.4	96.5	97.8	96.5	97.5
Estonia	50.2	55.4	59.2	61.9	68.1	71.1	73.5	74.0	76.6	81.5	84.5	84.8	86.3	87.0	88.2	88.3	90.3	90.6	93.4
Finland	60.5	70.3	73.0	76.8	78.6	81.2	84.8	87.2	88.0	87.8	90.2	91.2	91.8	92.7	93.5	95.5	95.3	95.2	95.9
France	..	36.7	51.8	64.2	65.2	71.0	72.5	76.8	76.2	78.3	79.6	81.5	82.5	85.0	86.4	..	90.0	90.6	92.7
Georgia	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	97.4	96.8	97.8	97.8	..	..	..	..
Germany	47.0	54.1	58.0	62.4	66.0	69.9	72.5	74.3	76.3	79.0	81.8	84.9	85.5	89.0	89.7	91.8	88.2	88.6	89.9
Greece	14.8	18.2	22.6	28.1	33.4	36.3	43.9	48.2	52.2	56.5	60.6	63.7	64.6	68.4	72.1	74.3	76.8	81.2	84.0
Hungary	33.1	40.0	47.0	54.1	55.0	57.6	64.3	67.6	69.7	72.8	70.1	77.4	74.8	73.9	79.1	84.3	87.5	88.8	90.9
Iceland	79.5	82.3	84.3	87.1	88.9	89.5	92.2	94.0	94.0	96.4	..	..	97.8	99.0	98.2	98.9	98.9	..	..
Ireland	31.5	42.4	47.4	58.8	59.8	64.4	72.5	73.8	74.8	77.3	78.9	80.5	80.1	80.0	89.9	91.0	98.5	90.8	89.2
Israel	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	75.2	78.5	81.4	82.7	84.7	87.8	..	..	..	..
Italy	22.8	25.6	28.2	31.7	36.9	41.7	45.8	47.3	51.5	55.1	59.2	63.7	66.0	69.6	71.5	74.4	78.6	81.6	84.3
Latvia	36.1	45.1	50.8	55.4	60.5	61.7	65.5	69.1	71.1	71.3	74.6	76.1	78.3	81.5	82.4	87.7	90.2	90.9	91.6
Lithuania	29.3	37.2	44.4	48.9	54.5	57.5	60.2	63.7	65.4	69.0	69.2	72.3	75.8	78.4	81.6	83.2	85.8	87.4	90.0
Luxembourg	51.3	54.5	63.2	66.0	77.6	81.0	81.9	85.9	90.5	91.4	95.0	94.8	96.3	91.8	91.3	95.8	96.5	93.9	96.4
Malta	30.1	33.4	37.8	42.5	53.6	55.5	63.9	63.5	64.1	69.2	73.5	76.5	78.6	80.1	84.7	86.6	87.2	90.7	93.4
Montenegro	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	95.8	93.9	95.9	96.5	97.8	95.8	99.2	97.8	..	..	..	..
Netherlands	67.6	71.1	77.3	80.5	82.8	85.7	87.7	88.6	90.8	89.8	91.6	91.6	94.2	93.7	94.6	92.8	94.3	93.7	98.9
Norway	67.5	73.0	77.8	83.4	84.2	87.6	89.3	91.3	91.6	92.2	95.4	96.0	96.0	97.1	97.3	96.0	98.0	98.3	98.9
Poland	27.6	32.5	37.4	42.8	49.5	52.9	56.1	57.9	59.1	62.4	63.6	69.5	72.5	74.3	77.8	81.1	83.1	85.0	85.7
Portugal	24.9	27.9	31.3	33.7	38.3	41.9	48.3	51.1	54.0	57.0	61.5	66.5	69.2	69.8	71.4	74.9	79.0	82.5	83.2
Romania	..	17.1	20.5	24.9	29.9	32.5	36.0	41.8	43.7	45.5	49.4	54.0	59.4	67.4	69.8	74.6	81.2	83.5	87.4
Russian Federation	63.0	60.0	70.0	73.0	77.0	79.0	81.0	..	60.0	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Serbia	..	..	20.6	28.3	31.1	34.2	37.6	43.0	47.6	55.9	58.8	63.0	64.4	69.0	72.0	76.0	78.0	..	..
Slovakia	38.8	39.0	49.2	59.5	65.3	69.9	70.5	71.4	74.5	76.1	73.4	76.7	78.0	78.0	81.3	88.2	86.6	88.5	86.1
Slovenia	38.9	42.5	47.5	51.2	57.4	62.4	60.9	62.0	66.5	68.2	68.0	72.4	75.5	76.8	79.7	84.6	87.5	87.3	89.1
Spain	30.0	34.5	39.5	43.6	48.3	54.4	58.2	61.1	62.7	69.0	73.0	74.6	79.3	82.0	88.0	91.4	91.9	92.8	94.6
Sweden	72.1	75.7	72.2	81.3	84.7	87.6	89.4	88.9	91.7	89.0	88.4	90.8	94.6	92.3	96.1	95.3	95.5	96.4	96.8
Switzerland	52.0	57.0	62.0	66.0	70.4	73.0	77.6	79.9	79.3	80.7	83.2	85.9	88.1	87.6	89.9	91.0	96.7	..	..
Türkiye	7.0	..	15.0	37.0	21.0	25.0	..	28.0	30.0	36.0	39.0	46.0	53.0	62.0	66.0	71.0	75.0	..	..
Ukraine	..	..	3.5	7.0	12.2	17.9	24.0	30.0	40.6	47.0	49.9	54.5	60.8	65.4	71.8	..	..	..	..
North Macedonia	..	16.0	20.0	33.0	45.0	47.0	..	50.0	59.0	62.0	66.0	69.0	72.0	76.0	80.0	78.0	84.0	..	..
United Kingdom	47.0	51.0	61.0	66.0	73.0	78.0	79.0	84.0	85.0	89.0	88.0	93.0	92.0	94.0	94.0	96.0	..	..	..
United States	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Uzbekistan	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	35.9	43.7	57.4	..	..	..	..

Country	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Albania	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	98.4	98.6	..	..	..	..
Andorra	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	89.1	..	..	..	..	..	..
Azerbaijan	..	..	..	7.5	11.8	11.9	22.4	32.3	65.2	66.3	69.4	70.1	70.8	70.9	71.4	..	..	..	..
Austria	43.3	49.0	54.7	58.6	61.4	64.7	70.6	70.4	72.7	72.8	75.6	77.7	81.5	83.5	83.2	84.0	87.2	89.3	90.5
Belgium	47.9	54.4	59.1	61.5	65.8	70.3	75.2	75.3	77.8	81.4	82.6	82.4	85.2	85.4	87.4	89.4	91.6	92.7	93.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	62.5	68.3	67.5	..	..	..	..
Bulgaria	..	21.0	28.3	32.4	38.1	41.2	45.3	49.5	50.0	52.6	54.0	57.4	60.8	62.4	65.6	67.8	72.8	78.0	79.2
Belarus	..	..	..	..	25.7	24.0	32.0	40.6	44.9	50.1	54.8	58.8	63.9	70.6	75.9	..	..	..	..
Croatia	..	..	29.1	31.3	40.6	42.0	48.3	50.7	55.9	62.6	60.8	67.0	58.2	70.8	73.8	74.0	76.1	78.6	79.0
Cyprus	24.1	26.8	32.1	31.9	41.7	47.9	50.5	54.8	60.3	63.8	68.1	72.5	79.2	83.8	85.5	90.8	90.3	90.4	91.8
Czechia	22.6	33.2	38.7	47.5	52.0	55.0	60.3	66.1	68.7	72.9	75.8	77.5	78.2	83.1	83.6	85.8	87.0	88.7	89.6
Denmark	71.0	75.7	73.6	78.2	80.8	84.8	86.1	87.6	90.0	92.0	93.3	94.9	95.5	95.1	95.4	96.5	97.8	96.5	97.5
Estonia	50.2	55.4	59.2	61.9	68.1	71.1	73.5	74.0	76.6	81.5	84.5	84.8	86.3	87.0	88.2	88.3	90.3	90.6	93.4
Finland	60.5	70.3	73.0	76.8	78.6	81.2	84.8	87.2	88.0	87.8	90.2	91.2	91.8	92.7	93.5	95.5	95.3	95.2	95.9
France	..	36.7	51.8	64.2	65.2	71.0	72.5	76.8	76.2	78.3	79.6	81.5	82.5	85.0	86.4	..	90.0	90.6	92.7
Georgia	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	97.4	96.8	97.8	97.8	..	..	..	..
Germany	47.0	54.1	58.0	62.4	66.0	69.9	72.5	74.3	76.3	79.0	81.8	84.9	85.5	89.0	89.7	91.8	88.2	88.6	89.9
Greece	14.8	18.2	22.6	28.1	33.4	36.3	43.9	48.2	52.2	56.5	60.6	63.7	64.6	68.4	72.1	74.3	76.8	81.2	84.0
Hungary	33.1	40.0	47.0	54.1	55.0	57.6	64.3	67.6	69.7	72.8	70.1	77.4	74.8	73.9	79.1	84.3	87.5	88.8	90.9
Iceland	79.5	82.3	84.3	87.1	88.9	89.5	92.2	94.0	94.0	96.4	..	..	97.8	99.0	98.2	98.9	98.9	..	..
Ireland	31.5	42.4	47.4	58.8	59.8	64.4	72.5	73.8	74.8	77.3	78.9	80.5	80.1	80.0	89.9	91.0	98.5	90.8	89.2
Israel	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	75.2	78.5	81.4	82.7	84.7	87.8	..	..	..	..
Italy	22.8	25.6	28.2	31.7	36.9	41.7	45.8	47.3	51.5	55.1	59.2	63.7	66.0	69.6	71.5	74.4	78.6	81.6	84.3
Latvia	36.1	45.1	50.8	55.4	60.5	61.7	65.5	69.1	71.1	71.3	74.6	76.1	78.3	81.5	82.4	87.7	90.2	90.9	91.6
Lithuania	29.3	37.2	44.4	48.9	54.5	57.5	60.2	63.7	65.4	69.0	69.2	72.3	75.8	78.4	81.6	83.2	85.8	87.4	90.0
Luxembourg	51.3	54.5	63.2	66.0	77.6	81.0	81.9	85.9	90.5	91.4	95.0	94.8	96.3	91.8	91.3	95.8	96.5	93.9	96.4
Malta	30.1	33.4	37.8	42.5	53.6	55.5	63.9	63.5	64.1	69.2	73.5	76.5	78.6	80.1	84.7	86.6	87.2	90.7	93.4
Montenegro	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	95.8	93.9	95.9	96.5	97.8	95.8	99.2	97.8	..	..	..	..
Netherlands	67.6	71.1	77.3	80.5	82.8	85.7	87.7	88.6	90.8	89.8	91.6	91.6	94.2	93.7	94.6	92.8	94.3	93.7	98.9
Norway	67.5	73.0	77.8	83.4	84.2	87.6	89.3	91.3	91.6	92.2	95.4	96.0	96.0	97.1	97.3	96.0	98.0	98.3	98.9
Poland	27.6	32.5	37.4	42.8	49.5	52.9	56.1	57.9	59.1	62.4	63.6	69.5	72.5	74.3	77.8	81.1	83.1	85.0	85.7
Portugal	24.9	27.9	31.3	33.7	38.3	41.9	48.3	51.1	54.0	57.0	61.5	66.5	69.2	69.8	71.4	74.9	79.0	82.5	83.2
Romania	..	17.1	20.5	24.9	29.9	32.5	36.0	41.8	43.7	45.5	49.4	54.0	59.4	67.4	69.8	74.6	81.2	83.5	87.4
Russian Federation	63.0	60.0	70.0	73.0	77.0	79.0	81.0	..	60.0	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Serbia	..	..	20.6	28.3	31.1	34.2	37.6	43.0	47.6	55.9	58.8	63.0	64.4	69.0	72.0	76.0	78.0	..	..
Slovakia	38.8	39.0	49.2	59.5	65.3	69.9	70.5	71.4	74.5	76.1	73.4	76.7	78.0	78.0	81.3	88.2	86.6	88.5	86.1
Slovenia	38.9	42.5	47.5	51.2	57.4	62.4	60.9	62.0	66.5	68.2	68.0	72.4	75.5	76.8	79.7	84.6	87.5	87.3	89.1
Spain	30.0	34.5	39.5	43.6	48.3	54.4	58.2	61.1	62.7	69.0	73.0	74.6	79.3	82.0	88.0	91.4	91.9	92.8	94.6
Sweden	72.1	75.7	72.2	81.3	84.7	87.6	89.4	88.9	91.7	89.0	88.4	90.8	94.6	92.3	96.1	95.3	95.5	96.4	96.8
Switzerland	52.0	57.0	62.0	66.0	70.4	73.0	77.6	79.9	79.3	80.7	83.2	85.9	88.1	87.6	89.9	91.0	96.7	..	..
Türkiye	7.0	..	15.0	37.0	21.0	25.0	..	28.0	30.0	36.0	39.0	46.0	53.0	62.0	66.0	71.0	75.0	..	..
Ukraine	..	..	3.5	7.0	12.2	17.9	24.0	30.0	40.6	47.0	49.9	54.5	60.8	65.4	71.8	..	..	..	..
North Macedonia	..	16.0	20.0	33.0	45.0	47.0	..	50.0	59.0	62.0	66.0	69.0	72.0	76.0	80.0	78.0	84.0	..	..
United Kingdom	47.0	51.0	61.0	66.0	73.0	78.0	79.0	84.0	85.0	89.0	88.0	93.0	92.0	94.0	94.0	96.0	..	..	..
United States	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Uzbekistan	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	35.9	43.7	57.4	..	..	..	..

Footnote:

Proportion of individuals aged 15 to 74 who used the internet at least once a week in the last three months preceding the survey.