Concepts, definitions and classifications
The UNECE secretariat presents time series ready for immediate
analysis. When appropriate, source segments with methodological
differences have been linked, by concatenation or rescaling, to build
long consistent time series.
The national accounts estimates are compiled according
to the 1993 SNA (System
of National Accounts 1993, Commission of the European
Communities-Eurostat, International Monetary Fund, Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development, United Nations and World Bank,
1993) for all countries.
Important methodological improvements to national accounts of UNECE
member countries are being implemented in the course of 2005-2006, in
particular for European countries. These concern the allocation of
FISIM (Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured) to
user sector/industries and the introduction of chain volume linking.
The implementation date will however differ between countries; this will
have an impact on the comparability of data across countries, on EU
aggregates and UNECE regional aggregates, and in the availability of
time series during the transition period.
Classification used: data by activity breakdown are
presented in ISIC/NACE, the two classifications being identical down to
the two-digit level (divisions). Data on GDP by activity are in the
standard A6 structure (groups of sections). Data on GDP by expenditure
are in the standard 1993 SNA classification of transactions in goods and
services.
Constant price estimates are based on data compiled by
the National Statistical Offices (NSOs) which reflect various specific
national practices (different base years, fixed base, chain, etc.)
explained in the
country notes (see below). To facilitate international comparisons,
the data reported by the NSOs have been scaled to the current price
value of 2005. As mentioned above, since early 2006, most UNECE
countries moved to chain-linking to measure their national
accounts aggregates in volume terms. Users who work with chained levels
must be aware that chain-linking results in the loss of additivity
of volume series for all years except for the reference year and the
year following it. Non-additivity arises for purely mathematical
reasons; the discrepancies should not be interpreted as indications of
loss of quality
Common currency (US$) estimates are computed by the
secretariat using purchasing power parities.
Purchasing power parity (PPP, NCU per US$), in broad
terms, is the relative cost of the same representative basket of goods
when valued at the domestic prices of two different countries. In other
words, PPPs are the rates of currency conversion that equalise the
purchasing power of different currencies. A PPP is similar to a consumer
price index in that it compares an overall price level of two different
economies. It is different, however, in that the two economies compared
are separated in space rather than in time. PPPs are, therefore,
currency converters in addition to being spatial price comparisons. When
countries use a common currency, such as the fifteen countries of the
euro area, and there is no need to convert to a common currency, PPPs
are simply spatial price relatives.
PPPs, and not exchange rates, should be used in international
comparisons of real income.
PPP series for the 27 EU countries,
the EU candidate countries (Croatia, The former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia and Turkey), three EFTA countries (Iceland, Norway and
Switzerland), two other OECD members (United States and Canada),
Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Serbia, are based on the
results of Eurostat/OECD comparisons programmes. Where relevant, these
PPPs were converted by the secretariat into national currency units per
US dollar (PPP for USA = 1). The secretariat has made projections using
relative deflators of GDP for those countries for which PPPs were not
reported by Eurostat/OECD before 2005.
PPP series for Israel are those
reported by the Central Bureau of Statistics of Israel.
PPP data for 2005 for the CIS
countries are those published by the World Bank with the ICP 2005 global
round results. PPP series for non-benchmark years are estimated by the
secretariat using relative deflators of GDP.
Comparative price level of GDP (PPP/XR, per cent) is
defined as the ratio of the purchasing power parity of GDP and the
exchange rate for a given country, both measured in national currency
per US$. It provides a measure of the over/undervaluation of the
currency of a country: PPP equal to the exchange rate (comparative price
level = 100) indicates that the national currency buys as much
domestically as in the reference country (USA) when converted by the
exchange rate. PPP above the exchange rate (comparative price level >
100) indicates the currency will buy more in the foreign market (when
converted by the exchange rate) that it will domestically. The opposite
is true if the comparative price level is lower than 100.
Regional aggregates are computed by the secretariat.
Population and employment aggregates are sums of national series.
Balance of current account aggregates are sums of national series
converted into US$ using current exchange rates. For national accounts:
all current price aggregates are sums of national series converted into
US$ at current PPPs of GDP; all constant price aggregates are calculated
by summing up national series scaled to the price level of the common
reference year 2005 and then converted into US$ using 2005 PPPs of GDP.
Regional aggregates of CPI are calculated as weighted averages of
national series using fixed 2005 weights based on final consumption
expenditure in US$ at 2005 PPPs. Unemployment rates are the ratios of
unemployed persons to labour force in the region.
Population, as defined in the
1993 SNA, Population and Labour Input, consists of all persons,
national or foreign, who are permanently settled in the economic
territory of the country, even if they are temporarily absent from it. A
person staying or intending to stay at least one year is considered to
be settled on the territory. By convention, the total population
includes neither foreign students nor members of foreign armed forces
stationed in a country. Annual figures are annual averages.
Employment, as defined in the
1993 SNA, Population and Labour Input, includes all persons,
employees and self-employed, engaged in some productive activity, for a
resident employer (including self employers), that falls within the
production boundary of the System. The unit is headcount, not jobs.
Annual figures are annual averages, not end-of-year or middle-of-year
values. Exceptions are mentioned in the
country notes (see below).
Unemployment is the share of unemployed in the labour
force (the total of employed and unemployed persons). Preference is
given to LFS-based, as compared to registered unemployment rates. For
those countries for which LFS-based rates are not available, registered
unemployment rates are shown. The unemployment rates shown for the
following countries are the comparable harmonized unemployment rates
produced by the Statistical Office of the European Communities
(Eurostat) and OECD: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States.
Country notes
Albania;
Armenia;
Austria;
Azerbaijan;
Belarus;
Belgium;
Bosnia and Herzegovina;
Bulgaria;
Canada;
Croatia;
Cyprus;
Czech Republic;
Denmark;
Estonia;
Finland;
France;
Georgia;
Germany;
Greece;
Hungary;
Iceland;
Ireland;
Israel;
Italy;
Kazakhstan;
Kyrgyzstan;
Latvia;
Lithuania;
Luxembourg;
Malta;
Moldova, Republic of;
Montenegro;
Netherlands;
Norway;
Poland;
Portugal;
Romania;
Russian Federation;
Serbia;
Serbia and Montenegro;
Slovakia;
Slovenia;
Spain;
Sweden;
Switzerland;
Tajikistan;
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia;
Turkey;
Turkmenistan;
Ukraine;
United Kingdom;
United States;
Uzbekistan
Albania
Currency:
Albanian lek (ALL).
Annual data:
GDP by activity:
Compiled in SNA93/ESA95 methodology from 1996 for current prices and
1997 for constant prices.
Constant price data:
1990-1996 - originally compiled by NSO at prices of 1990; since 1997 -
at chain prices. The data have been rescaled to the price level of 2005
in order to allow international comparison. The resulting series are not
additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are not allocated to industries
and user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Armenia
Currency:
Armenian dram (AMD), replaced the Soviet rouble at 1:200 in 1993. All
data are expressed in the latest currency units.
Annual data:
GDP by activity:
reported in ISIC/NACE since 2005; earlier data converted from national
classification to ISIC/NACE sections.
Constant price data:
Originally compiled by NSO at previous year’s prices. The data have been
chain-linked to reference year 2005. The resulting chain-linked series
are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are not allocated to industries
and user sectors.
Quarterly data:
GDP by activity:
reported in ISIC/NACE since 2005; earlier data converted from national
classification to ISIC/NACE sections.
Constant price data:
GDP and activity breakdowns: Originally compiled by NSO at prices of the
corresponding quarter of the previous year. The data have been chain-linked
to reference year 2005. The resulting chain-linked series at prices of
the corresponding quarter of 2005 are not additive.
Expenditure breakdowns: Originally compiled by NSO at 1998 prices. The
data have been rebased to reference year 2005 using annual deflators.
The resulting 2005 prices series are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are not allocated to industries
and user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Austria
Currency:
euro (€); prior to 1999 - Austrian Schilling (ATS); historical data
converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 13.7603 ATS/€.
Annual data:
Constant price data:
originally compiled by NSO at chain prices. The data have been scaled up
to the price levels of 2005 in order to allow international comparisons.
The resulting chain constant price data are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are allocated to industries and
user sectors.
Quarterly data:
Constant price data:
originally compiled by NSO at chain prices. The data have been scaled up
to the price levels of 2005 in order to allow international comparisons.
The resulting chain constant price data are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are allocated to industries and
user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Azerbaijan
Currency:
New Azerbaijanian manat (AZN)
Annual data:
GDP by activity: from
1999 - current and constant price data compiled in ISIC/NACE; earlier
data converted from national classification to ISIC/NACE sections..
Constant price data:
originally compiled by NSO at chain prices. The data have been scaled up
to the price levels of 2005 in order to allow international comparisons.
The resulting chain constant price data are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are allocated to industries and
user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Belarus
Currency:
Belarusian rouble (BYR), redenominated at 1:10 in 1994 and again at
1:1000 in 2000. All data are expressed in the latest currency units.
Annual data:
GDP by activity:
converted from national classification to ISIC/NACE sections.
Constant price data:
Originally compiled by NSO at previous year’s prices. The data have been
chain-linked to reference year 2005. The resulting chain-linked series
are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are not allocated to industries
and user sectors.
Quarterly data:
GDP by activity:
converted from national classification to ISIC/NACE sections.
Constant price data:
Originally compiled by NSO at average 2000 prices.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are not allocated to industries
and user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Belgium
Currency:
euro (€); prior to 1999 - Belgian Franc (BEF); historical data converted
at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 40.3399 BEF/€.
Annual data:
Constant price data:
originally compiled by NSO at 2000 prices. The data have been rescaled to the level of prices of 2005. The resulting constant price series are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are allocated to industries and
user sectors starting 1995. For the years prior to 1995, the UNECE
Secretariat has smoothed the series by preserving the original growth
rates.
Quarterly data:
Constant price data:
originally compiled by NSO at 2000 prices. The data have been rescaled to the level of prices of 2005. The resulting constant price series are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are allocated to industries and
user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Currency:
Bosnia and Herzegovina, convertible marka (BAM)
Geographical coverage: GDP and population cover the Federation
of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska; other indicators refer
to the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina only.
Annual data:
GDP by expenditure: not produced by the NSO.
Constant price data:
originally compiled by NSO at chain prices; available only for total
GDP. The data have been chain-linked to reference year 2005.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are not allocated to industries
and user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Bulgaria
Currency:
Bulgarian leva (BGN), redenominated at 1:1000 in 1999. All data are
expressed in the latest currency units.
The NSO introduced a major revision in 2002 due
to allocation of FISIM, new tax and BoP data. The UNECE secretariat has
smoothed the series backwards by preserving the original growth rates.
Annual data:
GDP by
activity: reported in ISIC/NACE since 1996 and 1997 in current and
constant prices, respectively; earlier data converted from national
classification to ISIC/NACE sections
Constant price data:
Originally compiled by NSO at previous year’s prices. The data have been
chain-linked to reference year 2005. The resulting chain-linked series
are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are allocated to industries and
user sectors.
Quarterly data:
Constant price data:
Originally compiled by NSO at average 2001 prices. The data have been
rescaled to the level of prices of 2005. The resulting constant price
series are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are allocated to industries and
user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Canada
Currency:
Canadian dollar (CAD).
Annual data
Constant price data: Originally compiled by NSO at previous
year’s prices. The data have been chain-linked to reference year 2005.
The resulting chain-linked series are not additive.
Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are
not allocated to industries and user sectors.
Quarterly data
Constant price data:
- Seasonally adjusted series: Originally compiled by NSO at previous
year’s prices. The data have been chain-linked to reference year 2005.
The resulting chain-linked series are not additive.
- Non seasonally adjusted series: Originally compiled by NSO at constant
1997 prices. The data have been scaled up to the price levels of 2005 in
order to allow international comparisons. The resulting series are not
additive.
Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are
not allocated to industries and user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Croatia
Currency:
Croatian kuna (HRK), replaced the Croat dinar at 1:1000 in 1994. All
data are expressed in the latest currency units.
Annual data:
GDP by
activity: reported in ISIC/NACE since 1995 and 1996 in current and
constant prices, respectively; earlier data converted from national
classification to ISIC/NACE sections.
Constant price data:
originally compiled by NSO at prices of 1990 for 1990-1995 and at chain
prices thereafter. The data have been chain-linked to reference year
2005. The resulting chain-linked series are not additive
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are not allocated to industries
and user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Cyprus
Currency:
euro (€); prior to 2008 - Cypriot pound (CYP); historical data converted
into €.
Annual data
Constant price data: Originally compiled by NSO at previous
year’s prices. The data have been chain-linked to reference year 2005.
The resulting chain-linked series are not additive.
Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are
allocated to industries and user sectors.
Quarterly data
Constant price data: Originally compiled by NSO at previous
year’s prices. The data have been chain-linked to reference year 2005.
The resulting chain-linked series are not additive.
Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are
not allocated to industries and user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Czech Republic
Currency:
Czech koruna (CZK).
Annual data
The NSO revised its series starting 1995 in
accordance with SNA93/ESA95 methodology. The new data have been linked
backwards to obtain time series without break.
Constant price data: Starting 1995, data are compiled by NSO at
previous year’s prices. 1990-1994 data were compiled at prices of 1995.
The UNECE secretariat smoothed the series by preserving the original
growth rates. The data have been chain-linked to reference year 2005.
The resulting chain-linked series are not additive.
Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are
allocated to industries and user sectors starting 2000.
Quarterly data
Constant price data: Originally compiled by NSO at previous
year’s prices. The data have been chain-linked to reference year 2005.
The resulting chain-linked series are not additive.
Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are
allocated to industries and user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Denmark
Currency:
Danish krone (DKK).
Annual data:
Constant price data:originally
compiled by NSO at chain prices. The data have been scaled up to the
price levels of 2005 in order to allow international comparisons. The
resulting chain-linked series are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are allocated to industries and
user sectors.
Quarterly data:
Constant price data:originally
compiled by NSO at chain prices. The data have been scaled up to the
price levels of 2005 in order to allow international comparisons. The
resulting chain-linked series are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are allocated to industries and
user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Estonia
Currency:
Estonian kroon (EEK), replaced the Soviet rouble in 1992 with a peg to
the deutsche mark (8:1). All data are expressed in the latest currency
units.
Annual data
Constant price data: Starting 2000, data are compiled by NSO at
prices of 2000. For previous years, the UNECE secretariat smoothed the
series by preserving the original growth rates.
Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are
allocated to industries and user sectors starting 1993. For the years
prior to 1993, the UNECE Secretariat has smoothed the series by
preserving the original growth rates.
Quarterly data
Constant price data: Originally compiled by NSO at prices of
2000.
Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are
allocated to industries and user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Finland
Currency:
euro (€); prior to 1999 - Finnish Markka (FIM); historical data
converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 5.94573 FIM/€.
Annual data:
Constant price data:originally
compiled by NSO at chain prices. The data have been scaled up to the
price levels of 2005 in order to allow international comparisons. The
resulting chain-linked series are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are allocated to industries and
user sectors starting 1995. For the years prior to 1995, the UNECE
Secretariat has smoothed the series by preserving the original growth
rates.
Quarterly data:
Constant price data:originally
compiled by NSO at chain prices. The data have been scaled up to the
price levels of 2005 in order to allow international comparisons. The
resulting chain-linked series are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are allocated to industries and
user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
France
Currency:
euro (€); prior to 1999 - French Franc (FRF); historical data converted
at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 6.55957 FRF/€.
Annual data:
Constant price data:originally
compiled by NSO at chain prices. The data have been scaled up to the
price levels of 2005 in order to allow international comparisons. The
resulting chain-linked series are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are allocated to industries and
user sectors.
Quarterly data:
Constant price data:originally
compiled by NSO at chain prices. The data have been scaled up to the
price levels of 2005 in order to allow international comparisons. The
resulting chain-linked series are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are allocated to industries and
user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Georgia
Currency:
Georgian lari (GEL), replaced the lari-kupon at 1: 1000000 in 1995. All
data are expressed in the latest currency units
Geographical coverage: excludes Abkhazia and South Ossetia
(Tshinvali) from 1993.
Annual data:
GDP by
activity: current and constant price data compiled in ISIC/NACE from
1996 and 1997, respectively; earlier data converted from national
classification to ISIC/NACE sections.
Constant price data:
originally compiled by NSO at chain prices. The data have been scaled up
to the price levels of 2005 in order to allow international comparisons.
The resulting chain constant price data are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are not allocated to industries
and user sectors.
Quarterly data:
Constant price data:
originally compiled by NSO at constant 1996 prices. The data have been
scaled up to the price levels of 2005 in order to allow international
comparisons. The resulting series are not additive
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are not allocated to industries
and user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Germany
Currency:
euro (€); prior to 1999 - Deutsche Mark (DEM); historical data converted
at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 1.95583 DEM/€.
Geographical coverage: The statistics for Germany refer to
Germany after unification. Official data for Germany after unification
are available only from 1991 onwards. The secretariat has estimated data for the
whole of Germany back by linking in 1991 the data for Germany to
historical data for West Germany according to SNA 1993 published in July
2002 by the Statistisches Bundesamt.
Annual data:
Constant price data:
Originally compiled by NSO at chain prices. The data have been scaled up
to the price levels of 2005 in order to allow international comparisons.
The resulting chain constant price data are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are allocated to industries and
user sectors.
Quarterly data:
Constant price data:
Originally compiled by NSO at chain prices. The data have been scaled up
to the price levels of 2005 in order to allow international comparisons.
The resulting chain constant price data are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are allocated to industries and
user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Greece
Currency:
euro (€); prior to 2001, -Greek Drachma (GRD); historical data converted
at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 340.75 GRD/€.
Annual data:
Constant price data:
originally compiled by NSO at chain prices. The data have been scaled up
to the price levels of 2005 in order to allow international comparisons.
The resulting chain constant price data are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are allocated to industries and
user sectors starting 2000.
Quarterly data:
Constant price data:
originally compiled by NSO at chain prices. The data have been scaled up
to the price levels of 2005 in order to allow international comparisons.
The resulting chain constant price data are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are allocated to industries and
user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Hungary
Currency:
Hungarian forint (HUF).
Annual data
The NSO introduced a major revision of its
series starting 2000. The new data have been linked backwards to obtain
time series without break.
Constant price data: Starting 2000, data are compiled by NSO at
previous year’s prices. For previous years were compiled using fixed
base year prices. The UNECE secretariat smoothed the series by
preserving the original growth rates. The data have been chain-linked to
reference year 2005. The resulting chain-linked series are not additive.
Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are
allocated to industries and user sectors starting 2000.
Quarterly data
Constant price data: Originally compiled by NSO at previous
year’s prices. The data have been chain-linked to reference year 2005.
The resulting chain-linked series are not additive.
Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are
allocated to industries and user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Iceland
Currency:
Iceland krona (ISK).
Annual data
Constant price data: Originally compiled by NSO at previous
year’s prices. In 1997 year a new activity classification was implemented, the Icelandic version of NACE, rev.1.
The UNECE secretariat smoothed the series by preserving the original growth rates.
The data have been chain-linked to reference year 2005.
The resulting chain-linked series are not additive.
Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are
allocated to industries and user sectors.
Quarterly data
Constant price data: Originally compiled by NSO at previous
year’s prices. The data have been chain-linked to reference year 2005.
The resulting chain-linked series are not additive.
Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are
allocated to industries and user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Ireland
Currency:
euro (€); prior to 1999 - Irish Punt (IEP); historical data converted at
1999 fixed conversion rate of 0.787564 IEP/€.
Annual data:
Constant price data:
originally compiled by NSO originally compiled by NSO at chain prices.
The data have been scaled up to the price levels of 2005 in order to
allow international comparisons. The resulting chain constant price data
are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are allocated to industries and
user sectors.
Quarterly data:
Constant price data:
originally compiled by NSO originally compiled by NSO at chain prices.
The data have been scaled up to the price levels of 2005 in order to
allow international comparisons. The resulting chain constant price data
are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are allocated to industries and
user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Israel
Currency:
New shekel (ILS).
Annual data
Constant price data: Originally compiled by NSO at previous
year’s prices. The data have been chain-linked to reference year 2005.
The resulting chain-linked series are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are not allocated to industries and
user sectors.
Quarterly data
Constant price data: Originally compiled by NSO at previous
year’s prices. The data have been chain-linked to reference year 2005.
The resulting chain-linked series are not additive.
Go to
list of countries
Italy
Currency:
euro (€); prior to 1999 - Italian Lira (ITL); historical data converted
at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 1936.27 ITL/€.
Annual data:
Constant price data:
originally compiled by NSO at chain prices. The data have been scaled up
to the price levels of 2005 in order to allow international comparisons.
The resulting chain constant price data are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are allocated to industries and
user sectors.
Quarterly data:
Constant price data:
originally compiled by NSO at chain prices. The data have been scaled up
to the price levels of 2005 in order to allow international comparisons.
The resulting chain constant price data are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are allocated to industries and
user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Kazakhstan
Currency:
Kazakh tenge (KZT ), replaced the Soviet rouble at 1: 500 in 1992. All
data are expressed in the latest currency units.
Annual data:
GDP by
activity: current and constant price data compiled in ISIC/NACE from
1998; earlier data converted from national classification to ISIC/NACE
sections.
Constant price data:
originally compiled by the NSO at previous year’s prices. The data have
been scaled up to the price levels of 2005 in order to allow
international comparisons. The resulting chain constant price data are
not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are not allocated to industries
and user sectors.
Quarterly data:
Constant price data:
originally compiled by the NSO at previous year’s prices. The data have
been scaled up to the price levels of 2005 in order to allow
international comparisons. The resulting chain constant price data are
not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are not allocated to industries
and user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Kyrgyzstan
Currency:
Kyrgyz som (KGS).
Annual data:
GDP by
activity: reported in ISIC/NACE since 2000; earlier data converted
from national classification to ISIC/NACE sections.
Constant price data:
Originally compiled by NSO at previous year’s prices. The data have been
chain-linked to reference year 2005. The resulting chain-linked series
are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are not allocated to industries
and user sectors.
Quarterly data:
Constant price data:
Activity breakdowns: Originally compiled by NSO at prices of the
corresponding quarter of the previous year. The data have been
chain-linked to reference year 2005. The resulting chain-linked series
at prices of the corresponding quarter of 2005 are not additive. GDP
and expenditure breakdowns: Originally compiled by NSO at 1998
prices. The data have been rebased to reference year 2005. The resulting
2005 prices series are not additive and may not be fully consistent with
the GDP at constant 2005 prices.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are not allocated to industries
and user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Latvia
Currency:Latvian
lat (LVL), replaced Latvian rouble at 1:200 in 1993. All data are
expressed in the latest currency unit.
Annual data
Constant price data: Starting 1995, data are compiled by NSO at
prices of 2000. For previous years, the UNECE secretariat smoothed the
series by preserving the original growth rates
Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are
allocated to industries and user sectors.
Quarterly data
Constant price data: Starting 1995, data are compiled by NSO at
prices of 2000. For previous years, the UNECE secretariat smoothed the
series by preserving the original growth rates
Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are
allocated to industries and user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Lithuania
Currency:Lithuanian
litas (LTL), replaced talonas at 1:100 in 1993. All data are expressed
in the latest currency units.
Annual data
Constant price data: Starting 1995, data are compiled by NSO at
previous year’s prices. The data have been chain-linked to reference
year 2005. For previous years, the UNECE secretariat smoothed the series
by preserving the original growth rates. The resulting series are not
additive.
Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are
allocated to industries and user sectors starting 1995. For previous
years, the UNECE secretariat smoothed the series by preserving the
original growth rates.
Quarterly data
Constant price data: Originally compiled by NSO at previous
year’s prices. The data have been chain-linked to reference year 2005.
The resulting chain-linked series are not additive.
Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are
allocated to industries and user sectors.
Employment: LFS-based.
Go to
list of countries
Luxembourg
Currency:
euro (€); prior to 1999 - Luxembourg Franc (LUF); historical data
converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 40.3399 LUF/€.
Annual data:
Constant price data:
originally compiled by NSO at chain prices. The data have been scaled up
to the price levels of 2005 in order to allow international comparisons.
The resulting chain constant price data are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are allocated to industries and
user sectors starting 1995. For the years prior to 1995, the UNECE
Secretariat has smoothed the series by preserving the original growth
rates.
Quarterly data:
Constant price data:
originally compiled by NSO at chain prices. The data have been scaled up
to the price levels of 2005 in order to allow international comparisons.
The resulting chain constant price data are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are allocated to industries and
user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Malta
Currency:
euro (€); prior to 2008 - Maltese lira (MTL); historical data converted
into €.
Annual data
Constant price data: Originally compiled by NSO at prices of
2000.
Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are
allocated to industries and user sectors.
Quarterly data
Constant price data: Originally compiled by NSO at prices of
2000.
Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are
allocated to industries and user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Moldova
Currency:
Moldovan leu (MDL).
Annual data:
GDP by
activity: current and constant price data compiled in ISIC/NACE from
1993 and 1994, respectively; earlier data converted from national
classification to ISIC/NACE sections.
Constant price data:
Originally compiled by NSO at previous year’s prices. The data have been
chain-linked to reference year 2005. The resulting chain-linked series
are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are not allocated to industries
and user sectors.
Quarterly data:
Constant price data:
Originally compiled by NSO at average 2000 prices.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are not allocated to industries
and user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Montenegro
Currency:
Euro (€); Prior to 2001 - Deutsche Mark (DEM); historical data converted
at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 1.95583 DEM/€.
Annual data:
Constant price data: Estimates of constant prices have been made
using growth rates published by NSO. The resulting data are not
additive.
Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are
not allocated to industries and user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Netherlands
Currency:
euro (€); prior to 1999 - Dutch Guilder (NLG); historical data converted
at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 2.20371 NLG/€.
Annual data:
GDP by
activity: by NSO current and constant price data compiled in ISIC/NACE from
1993 and 1994, respectively; earlier data converted from national
classification to ISIC/NACE sections.
Constant price data:
originally compiled by NSO at chain prices. The data have been scaled up
to the price levels of 2005 in order to allow international comparisons.
The resulting chain constant price data are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are allocated to industries and
user sectors.
Quarterly data:
Constant price data:
originally compiled by NSO at chain prices. The data have been scaled up
to the price levels of 2005 in order to allow international comparisons.
The resulting chain constant price data are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are allocated to industries and
user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Norway
Currency:
Norvegian krone (NOK).
Annual data
Constant price data: Originally compiled by NSO at previous
year’s prices. The data have been chain-linked to reference year 2005.
The resulting chain-linked series are not additive.
Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are
allocated to industries and user sectors.
Quarterly data
Constant price data: Originally compiled by NSO at previous
year’s prices. The data have been chain-linked to reference year 2005.
The resulting chain-linked series are not additive.
Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are
allocated to industries and user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Poland
Currency:
Polish zloty (PLZ), redenominated at 1:10000 in 1995. All data are
expressed in the latest currency units.
Annual data
The NSO revised introduced major revision of
its series starting 1995. The new data have been linked backwards to
obtain time series without break.
Constant price data: Originally compiled by NSO at previous
year’s prices. The data have been chain-linked to reference year 2005.
The resulting chain-linked series are not additive.
Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are
allocated to industries and user sectors since 1995. For previous years,
the UNECE secretariat smoothed the series by preserving the original
growth rates.
Quarterly data
Constant price data: Originally compiled by NSO at previous
year’s prices. The data have been chain-linked to reference year 2005.
The resulting chain-linked series are not additive.
Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are
allocated to industries and user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Portugal
Currency:
euro (€); prior to 1999 - Portuguese Escudo (PTE); historical data
converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 200.482 PTE/€.
Annual data:
Constant price data:
originally compiled by NSO at chain prices. The data have been scaled up
to the price levels of 2005 in order to allow international comparisons.
The resulting chain constant price data are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are allocated to industries and
user sectors starting 1995. For the years prior to 1995, the UNECE
Secretariat has smoothed the series by preserving the original growth
rates.
Quarterly data:
Constant price data:
originally compiled by NSO at chain prices. The data have been scaled up
to the price levels of 2005 in order to allow international comparisons.
The resulting chain constant price data are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are allocated to industries and
user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Romania
Currency:
New Romanian leu (RON)
Annual data:
GDP by
expenditure and GDP by activity: compiled in SNA93/ESA95 methodology
from 1995 and 1996 for current and constant price data, respectively;
earlier data, compiled in ESA79, have been scaled to the new methodology
level.
Constant price data:
originally compiled by NSO at chain prices. The data have been scaled up
to the price levels of 2005 in order to allow international comparisons.
The resulting chain constant price data are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are allocated to industries and
user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Russian Federation
Currency:
Currency: Russian rouble (RUB), redenominated at 1:1000 in 1998. All
data are expressed in the latest currency units.
Annual data:
GDP by
activity: data compiled in ISIC/NACE from 2002; earlier data
converted from national classification to ISIC/NACE sections.
Constant price data:
originally compiled by NSO at previous year’s prices. The data have been
chain-linked to reference year 2005. For previous years, the UNECE
secretariat smoothed the series by preserving the original growth rates.
The resulting series are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are not allocated to industries
and user sectors.
Quarterly data:
GDP by
activity: data compiled in ISIC/NACE from 2003; earlier data
converted from national classification to ISIC/NACE sections.
Constant price data:
Starting 2003, data are compiled by NSO at constant average 2003 prices.
For years before 2003, the data were reported at constant prices of
different base years (1995 and 2000). The data have been rescaled to the
price levels of 2005. The resulting series are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are not allocated to industries
and user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Serbia
Currency:
Serbian Dinar (RSD).
Annual data:
Constant price data: Originally compiled by NSO at 2002 prices.
The data have been rescaled to the price level of 2005 in order to allow
international comparison. The resulting series are not additive.
Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are
not explicitly calculated.
Quarterly data:
Constant price data: Originally compiled by NSO at 2002 prices.
The data have been rescaled to the price level of 2005 in order to allow
international comparison. The resulting series are not additive.
Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are
not explicitly calculated.
Go to
list of countries
Serbia and Montenegro
Data for 'Serbia and Montenegro' are
historical and no longer updated. Data for 'Serbia' and 'Montenegro' are
regularly updated and reviewed and may therefore not be consistent with
the historical series for 'Serbia and Montenegro'.
Currency:
Serbia and Montenegro, new dinar (CSD)
Annual data:
Constant price data: not compiled on a regular basis by the NSO;
experimental estimates of chain growth rates by the NSO exist only for
total GDP from 2001. For previous years, UNECE estimates based on growth
rates of gross material product (GMP) at 1994 prices.
Population: middle-of-year values, data for 1999 and 2005 are
secretariat's estimates.
Employment: establishment-based.
Unemployment: registered, end of period.
Go to
list of countries
Slovakia
Currency:
Slovak koruna (SKK).
Annual data
Constant price data: Starting 1995 data are compiled at prices of
2000. For previous years, the UNECE secretariat smoothed the series by
preserving the original growth rates.
Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are
allocated to industries and user sectors starting 1995. For previous
years, the UNECE secretariat smoothed the series by preserving the
original growth rates.
GDP by expenditure and GDP by activity: compiled in SNA93/ESA95
methodology from 1995; earlier data, compiled in ESA79, have been scaled
to the new methodology level.
Quarterly data
Constant price data: Originally compiled by NSO at prices of
2000.
Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are
allocated to industries and user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Slovenia
Currency:
Currency: euro (€); prior to 2007 - Slovenian tolar (SIT); historical
data converted at fixed conversion rate of 239,640 SIT/€.
Annual data
Constant price data: Originally compiled by NSO at previous
year’s prices. The data have been chain-linked to reference year 2005.
The resulting chain-linked series are not additive.
Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are
allocated to industries and user sectors starting 1995. For previous
years, the UNECE secretariat smoothed the series by preserving the
original growth rates.
Quarterly data
Constant price data: Originally compiled by NSO at previous
year’s prices. The data have been chain-linked to reference year 2005.
The resulting chain-linked series are not additive.
Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are
allocated to industries and user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Spain
Currency:
euro (€); prior to 1999 - Spanish Peseta (ESP); historical data
converted at 1999 fixed conversion rate of 166.386 ESP/€.
Annual data:
Constant price data:
originally compiled by NSO at chain prices. The data have been scaled up
to the price levels of 2005 in order to allow international comparisons.
The resulting chain constant price data are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are allocated to industries and
user sectors starting 1995. For the years prior to 1995, the UNECE
Secretariat has smoothed the series by preserving the original growth
rates.
Quarterly data:
Constant price data:
originally compiled by NSO at chain prices. The data have been scaled up
to the price levels of 2005 in order to allow international comparisons.
The resulting chain constant price data are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are allocated to industries and
user sector.
Go to
list of countries
Sweden
Currency:
Swedish krona (SEK).
Annual data:
Constant price data:
originally compiled by NSO at chain prices. The data have been scaled up
to the price levels of 2005 in order to allow international comparisons.
The resulting chain constant price data are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are allocated to industries and
user sectors starting 1993. For the years prior to 1993, the UNECE
Secretariat has smoothed the series by preserving the original growth
rates.
Quarterly data:
Constant price data:
originally compiled by NSO at chain prices. The data have been scaled up
to the price levels of 2005 in order to allow international comparisons.
The resulting chain constant price data are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are allocated to industries and
user sector.
Go to
list of countries
Switzerland
Currency:
Swiss franc (CHF).
Annual data
Constant price data: Originally compiled by NSO at previous
year’s prices. The data have been chain-linked to reference year 2005.
The resulting chain-linked series are not additive.
Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are
not allocated to industries and user sectors.
Quarterly data
Constant price data: Originally compiled by NSO at previous
year’s prices. The data have been chain-linked to reference year 2005.
The resulting chain-linked series are not additive.
Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are
not allocated to industries and user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Tajikistan
Currency:
Currency: Tajik somoni (TJS), replaced the Tajik rouble at 1:1000 in
2000. The Tajik rouble replaced the Soviet rouble at 1:100 in 1994. All
data are expressed in the latest currency units.
Annual data:
GDP by
activity: converted from national classification to ISIC/NACE
sections.
Constant price data:
originally compiled by NSO at chain prices (GDP and activity breakdowns
only; The data have been scaled up to the price levels of 2005 in order
to allow international comparisons. The resulting chain constant price
data are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are not allocated to industries
and user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Currency:
Macedonian denar (MKD), replaced the Yugoslav dinar at 1:1 in 1992,
redenominated at 1:100 in 1993. All data are expressed in the latest
currency units.
Annual data
GDP by activity: current and constant price data in ISIC/NACE
from 1997 and 1998, respectively; earlier data converted from national
classification to ISIC/NACE sections.
Constant price data: Originally compiled by NSO at previous
year’s prices. The data have been chain-linked to reference year 2005.
The resulting chain-linked series are not additive.
Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are
not allocated to industries and user sectors.
Quarterly data
Constant price data: Reported by NSO at 1997 prices.
Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are
not allocated to industries and user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Turkey
Currency:
Currency: Turkish lira (TRL).
The national accounts estimates are compiled
according to the 1968 SNA through 1997 and according to the 1993 SNA since 1998 (first published in March 2008).
Annual data:
Constant price data:
Since 1998 originally compiled by NSO at chain prices and in 1987 prices before. The data have been scaled up
to the price levels of 2005 in order to allow international comparisons.
The resulting chain constant price data are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are not allocated to industries and
user sectors.
Quarterly data
Constant price data: Originally compiled by NSO at chain prices. The data have been scaled up
to the price levels of 2005 in order to allow international comparisons.
The resulting chain constant price data are not additive.
Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are not allocated to industries and user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Turkmenistan
Currency:
Currency: Turkmen manat (TMM), replaced the Soviet rouble at 1:500 in
1993. All data are expressed in the latest currency units.
Annual data:
Constant price data:
originally compiled by NSO at chain prices; not compiled for expenditure
components. Estimated by UNECE from 2000. The data have been scaled up
to the price levels of 2005 in order to allow international comparisons.
Go to
list of countries
Ukraine
Currency:
Ukrainian hryvnia (UAH), replaced the former karbovanets at 1:100000 in
1996. All data are expressed in the latest currency units.
Annual data:
GDP by
activity: current and constant price data compiled in ISIC/NACE from
2000 and 2001, respectively; earlier data converted from national
classification to ISIC/NACE sections.
Constant price data:
originally compiled by NSO at chain prices. The data have been
chain-linked to reference year 2005. The resulting chain-linked series
are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are not allocated to industries
and user sectors.
Quarterly data:
Constant price data:
originally compiled by NSO at average 2001 prices; The data have been
scaled up to the price levels of 2005 in order to allow international
comparisons. The resulting constant price data are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are not allocated to industries
and user sector.
Go to
list of countries
United Kingdom
Currency:
British pound (GBP).
Annual data:
Constant price data:
originally compiled by NSO at chain prices. The data have been scaled up
to the price levels of 2005 in order to allow international comparisons.
The resulting chain constant price data are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are not allocated to industries
and user sectors.
Quarterly data:
Constant price data:
originally compiled by NSO at chain prices. The data have been scaled up
to the price levels of 2005 in order to allow international comparisons.
The resulting chain constant price data are not additive.
Financial Intermediation
Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are not allocated to industries
and user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
United States
Currency:
United States dollar (USD).
Annual data
Constant price data: Originally compiled by NSO at previous
year’s prices. The data have been chain-linked to reference year 2005.
The resulting chain-linked series are not additive.
Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are
allocated to industries and user sectors.
Quarterly data
Constant price data: Originally compiled by NSO at previous
year’s prices. The data have been chain-linked to reference year 2005.
The resulting chain-linked series are not additive.
Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) are
allocated to industries and user sectors.
Go to
list of countries
Uzbekistan
Currency:
Uzbekistani sum (UZS), replaced the Soviet rouble at 1:1000 in 1993. All
data are expressed in the latest currency units.
Annual data:
Constant price data:
originally compiled by NSO at chain prices (GDP and ‘Gross VA in
industry, including energy - ISIC C-E only). The data have been
chain-linked to reference year 2005. The resulting chain-linked series
are not additive.
Go to
list of countries