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Statistical Division
Glossary of Terms
What is UNECE

Total fertility rate

The total fertility rate is defined as the average number of children that would be born alive to a woman during her lifetime if she were to pass through her childbearing years conforming to the age-specific fertility rates of a given year.

Total fertility rate
Children

More indicators
Family & Fertility
Adolescent fertility rate
Mean age of men at first marriage
Mean age of women at birth of first child
Mean age of women at first marriage
Proportion of one person households in all households
Total fertility rate
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Country 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Albania 1.8 .. 1.3 1.6 1.6 .. 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.4 .. 1.3 1.3 ..
Andorra .. .. .. .. .. 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ..
Azerbaijan 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.5 ..
Austria 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4
Armenia 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 .. .. ..
Belgium 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 ..
Bulgaria 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6
Belarus 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.4 .. .. ..
Canada 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 ..
Croatia 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5
Cyprus 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4
Czechia 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.6
Denmark 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6
Estonia 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.4
Finland 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.3
France 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8
Georgia 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 ..
Germany 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5
Greece 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3
Hungary 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6
Iceland 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.6
Ireland 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.5
Israel 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.9 .. ..
Italy 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2
Kazakhstan 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.9 .. .. ..
Kyrgyzstan 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.3 3.3 .. .. ..
Latvia 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5
Liechtenstein 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 ..
Lithuania 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3
Luxembourg 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3
Malta 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
Republic of Moldova 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 ..
Montenegro 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 ..
Netherlands 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5
Norway 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.4
Poland 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3
Portugal 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4
Romania 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7
Russian Federation 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
San Marino 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 ..
Serbia 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 ..
Slovakia 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6
Slovenia 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6
Spain 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
Sweden 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.5
Switzerland 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4
Tajikistan 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 .. .. .. .. ..
Türkiye 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.9 .. .. ..
Turkmenistan 1.8 1.7 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.5 .. .. ..
Ukraine 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 ..
North Macedonia 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 ..
United Kingdom 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 .. ..
United States 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 .. .. .. ..
Uzbekistan 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.8 2.8 .. .. ..
Country 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Albania 1.8 .. 1.3 1.6 1.6 .. 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.4 .. 1.3 1.3 ..
Andorra .. .. .. .. .. 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ..
Azerbaijan 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.5 ..
Austria 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4
Armenia 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 .. .. ..
Belgium 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 ..
Bulgaria 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6
Belarus 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.4 .. .. ..
Canada 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 ..
Croatia 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5
Cyprus 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4
Czechia 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.6
Denmark 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6
Estonia 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.4
Finland 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.3
France 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8
Georgia 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 ..
Germany 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5
Greece 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3
Hungary 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6
Iceland 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.6
Ireland 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.5
Israel 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.9 .. ..
Italy 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2
Kazakhstan 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.9 .. .. ..
Kyrgyzstan 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.3 3.3 .. .. ..
Latvia 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5
Liechtenstein 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 ..
Lithuania 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3
Luxembourg 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3
Malta 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
Republic of Moldova 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 ..
Montenegro 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 ..
Netherlands 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5
Norway 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.4
Poland 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3
Portugal 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4
Romania 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7
Russian Federation 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
San Marino 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 ..
Serbia 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 ..
Slovakia 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6
Slovenia 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6
Spain 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
Sweden 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.5
Switzerland 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4
Tajikistan 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 .. .. .. .. ..
Türkiye 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.9 .. .. ..
Turkmenistan 1.8 1.7 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.5 .. .. ..
Ukraine 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 ..
North Macedonia 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 ..
United Kingdom 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 .. ..
United States 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 .. .. .. ..
Uzbekistan 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.8 2.8 .. .. ..

Footnote:  
For total fertility rate footnotes click here.