Indicator 2.a.1
Agriculture orientation index for government expenditures, Index
The Agriculture Orientation Index (AOI) for Government Expenditures is defined as the Agriculture share of Government Expenditure, divided by the Agriculture value added share of GDP, where Agriculture refers to the agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting sector. The measure is a currency-free index, calculated as the ratio of these two shares. National governments are requested to compile Government Expenditures according to the Government Finance Statistics (GFS) and the Classification of the Functions of Government (COFOG), and Agriculture value added share of GDP according to the System of National Accounts (SNA).
Country | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
Albania | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
Armenia | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
Austria | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
Azerbaijan | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.2 | .. |
Belarus | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.7 |
Belgium | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
Bulgaria | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.6 |
Canada | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.7 |
Croatia | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
Cyprus | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
Czechia | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.2 |
Denmark | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.8 |
Estonia | 1.0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
Finland | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
France | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Georgia | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
Germany | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
Greece | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Hungary | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
Iceland | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
Ireland | 2.3 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 |
Israel | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
Italy | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
Kazakhstan | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.8 | .. |
Kyrgyzstan | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Latvia | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
Lithuania | 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
Luxembourg | 4.7 | 3.9 | 4.2 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 3.8 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 3.0 |
Malta | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Montenegro | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Netherlands | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
North Macedonia | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
Norway | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
Poland | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
Portugal | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
Republic of Moldova | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
Romania | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
Russian Federation | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
Serbia | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
Slovakia | 2.0 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
Slovenia | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
Spain | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
Sweden | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Switzerland | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 3.2 |
Tajikistan | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Türkiye | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
Turkmenistan | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | .. |
Ukraine | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
United Kingdom | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.6 |
United States | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
Uzbekistan | .. | .. | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Country | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
Albania | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
Armenia | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
Austria | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
Azerbaijan | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.2 | .. |
Belarus | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.7 |
Belgium | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
Bulgaria | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.6 |
Canada | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.7 |
Croatia | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
Cyprus | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
Czechia | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.2 |
Denmark | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.8 |
Estonia | 1.0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
Finland | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
France | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Georgia | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
Germany | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
Greece | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Hungary | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
Iceland | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
Ireland | 2.3 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 |
Israel | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
Italy | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
Kazakhstan | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.8 | .. |
Kyrgyzstan | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Latvia | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
Lithuania | 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
Luxembourg | 4.7 | 3.9 | 4.2 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 3.8 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 3.0 |
Malta | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Montenegro | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Netherlands | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
North Macedonia | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
Norway | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
Poland | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
Portugal | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
Republic of Moldova | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
Romania | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
Russian Federation | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
Serbia | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
Slovakia | 2.0 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
Slovenia | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
Spain | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
Sweden | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Switzerland | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 3.2 |
Tajikistan | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Türkiye | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
Turkmenistan | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | .. |
Ukraine | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
United Kingdom | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.6 |
United States | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
Uzbekistan | .. | .. | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |