Proportion of women with tertiary education level

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Education, Science & ICT

Proportion of men who use internet weekly

Proportion of men with tertiary education level

Proportion of women who use internet weekly

Proportion of women with tertiary education level

Share of women among researchers

Share of women among tertiary students

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Country	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Albania	7.1	..	..	9.0	..	..	..	13.4	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Andorra	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	21.2	..	..	..	..	..	..
Azerbaijan	23.2	23.3	23.4	23.5	23.5	23.6	23.7	23.7	23.7	23.8	23.8	23.7	23.7	23.6	23.6	26.8	26.9	..
Austria	12.5	12.0	11.9	12.7	13.8	14.3	14.1	14.6	15.5	23.5	23.8	24.9	25.8	26.1	27.4	27.8	28.5	..
Armenia	..	..	..	..	..	..	24.1	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Belgium	25.6	26.4	26.8	27.1	28.2	30.1	29.9	30.7	31.0	32.6	32.9	33.3	36.1	37.0	37.5	39.1	41.3	..
Bosnia and Herzegovina	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	10.1	9.7	10.2	9.7	10.1	9.4	13.7	14.3	..
Bulgaria	21.5	22.0	22.2	22.6	23.2	24.1	24.2	24.6	26.2	27.6	28.2	28.3	28.5	28.7	28.8	29.6	29.9	..
Belarus	..	..	..	..	52.9	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	63.3	..	..	..
Canada	52.2	53.1	54.3	55.1	55.5	57.0	57.9	59.0	59.7	59.9	61.0	62.1	62.9	64.0	65.1	66.1	67.2	..
Croatia	..	..	..	..	..	..	18.3	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Cyprus	23.4	25.3	28.0	29.3	29.2	30.9	34.0	34.5	34.5	36.3	36.0	37.7	38.3	40.0	40.9	41.0	42.8	..
Czechia	9.9	10.5	10.7	11.7	12.7	13.8	15.2	16.4	17.4	18.1	19.1	19.6	20.4	21.0	20.9	21.8	23.5	..
Denmark	26.5	27.3	28.2	28.9	29.8	30.7	31.6	32.5	33.5	34.6	35.7	36.9	37.8	38.8	39.8	40.7	41.6	..
Estonia	36.5	36.8	37.3	39.1	41.9	41.2	42.4	40.0	40.8	41.5	42.1	42.3	42.8	43.3	43.8	44.5	45.6	..
Finland	31.5	32.2	32.9	33.8	34.4	35.0	35.7	36.3	37.1	37.7	38.1	38.6	39.3	40.2	40.8	41.4	42.0	..
France	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	27.5	28.8	29.6	30.1	30.8	32.1	32.9	..	..	..
Georgia	27.9	28.4	30.0	29.9	31.4	31.6	31.6	32.8	33.4	33.5	35.2	36.3	34.4	34.8	34.8	34.3	34.6	..
Germany	20.3	20.1	20.7	21.8	23.0	23.3	24.9	25.7	26.3	23.6	24.4	25.2	25.7	26.4	27.2	28.9	29.0	..
Greece	15.6	16.3	16.7	17.6	17.9	18.8	19.9	20.3	20.9	21.8	23.0	24.3	25.0	25.3	25.6	26.3	27.8	..
Hungary	16.3	17.2	17.8	19.0	19.9	20.2	21.3	22.8	23.3	24.2	24.9	24.6	24.7	26.2	27.8	29.0	31.0	..
Iceland	28.3	30.8	30.1	31.1	32.7	33.4	35.1	36.8	37.3	38.7	40.7	42.1	43.0	45.7	45.2	44.6	47.5	..
Ireland	26.9	28.7	30.8	33.0	33.9	36.3	37.1	38.4	40.1	40.6	41.3	42.1	43.7	44.0	43.5	..	..	..
Israel	41.9	42.2	43.5	43.4	44.7	45.6	45.9	46.8	48.3	49.9	49.9	51.2	51.9	51.6	52.1	52.1	51.5	..
Italy	11.0	11.7	12.4	13.2	13.3	13.6	13.7	14.5	15.0	15.4	16.1	16.4	17.5	18.2	18.5	18.7	18.4	..
Kazakhstan	..	..	..	..	..	41.6	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Kyrgyzstan	..	..	..	..	19.1	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Latvia	21.9	23.3	23.9	27.5	28.6	29.4	30.5	32.6	34.6	34.3	36.5	38.3	38.7	39.0	40.4	43.1	44.3	..
Liechtenstein	..	..	..	..	..	10.2	..	..	..	..	13.8	..	..	..	..	24.6	..	..
Lithuania	..	..	..	..	..	..	33.7	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	34.6	..
Luxembourg	21.6	20.2	22.9	23.5	28.3	25.8	29.1	31.1	33.2	36.4	32.3	29.7	28.8	36.8	39.2	39.1	44.1	..
Malta	..	8.9	9.3	9.7	11.0	11.3	13.0	14.9	16.7	17.2	18.4	18.8	19.4	22.6	25.5	26.4	27.4	..
Republic of Moldova	14.1	16.6	15.9	16.6	17.5	18.4	19.2	20.3	20.5	20.4	20.7	20.6	20.6	20.8	22.4	22.3	22.2	..
Netherlands	21.6	22.4	23.0	24.0	25.0	25.6	25.7	26.5	27.9	29.2	30.3	31.2	32.2	33.3	34.1	35.2	36.6	37.9
Norway	28.1	29.1	30.0	30.9	31.8	32.8	33.8	34.8	35.5	36.4	37.3	33.2	33.5	33.9	34.9	35.4	35.8	..
Poland	..	..	..	..	..	..	21.2	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Portugal	11.6	12.3	12.7	13.2	13.5	14.4	15.6	16.9	18.1	19.9	20.6	21.5	21.9	22.7	23.3	25.4	28.6	..
Romania	8.8	9.3	9.5	10.4	10.9	11.3	12.3	12.9	13.0	13.3	14.2	14.5	14.7	14.9	15.4	15.6	15.7	..
Russian Federation	..	..	..	..	..	62.3	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
San Marino	..	..	..	..	..	15.4	15.8	16.0	16.3	16.8	17.2	17.6	18.1	18.5	18.7	18.9	19.1	..
Serbia	12.2	12.4	13.5	13.8	14.4	15.2	15.2	16.0	17.6	19.5	20.4	21.3	21.5	22.3	22.8	23.2	23.7	..
Slovakia	..	..	..	..	..	..	18.1	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Slovenia	18.7	20.2	20.8	21.6	22.8	23.1	21.9	23.4	24.1	25.4	26.4	27.4	28.8	29.5	30.3	30.9	31.7	..
Spain	23.4	23.9	24.5	24.9	25.6	26.7	27.3	27.9	28.7	29.7	30.4	31.0	31.4	32.1	33.5	34.7	35.9	..
Sweden	30.9	31.8	32.7	30.1	30.9	31.7	32.5	33.3	34.0	34.8	35.5	36.2	36.9	37.6	38.3	39.1	39.8	..
Switzerland	16.3	17.2	18.8	20.8	22.0	22.4	22.8	23.7	25.8	27.2	28.8	29.7	30.9	32.5	33.3	34.2	34.5	..
Tajikistan	20.3	20.1	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Türkiye	..	..	..	9.5	10.5	10.9	12.2	12.9	14.6	15.9	17.7	17.2	18.0	19.0	19.9	..	..	..
Ukraine	37.3	36.3	37.3	39.1	39.5	40.5	42.6	43.2	43.9	45.1	46.8	46.2	46.2	46.1	47.4	45.8	46.1	..
North Macedonia	11.4	11.2	12.4	11.6	13.4	13.6	15.7	16.3	16.3	17.6	19.0	20.2	20.2	20.0	20.7	22.5	22.6	..
United Kingdom	23.7	24.9	26.0	28.8	30.2	31.7	32.8	35.1	36.2	37.1	38.2	37.1	38.2	40.2	39.7	..	..	..
United States	36.0	36.6	37.5	38.4	39.1	39.8	40.5	41.0	42.2	43.6	43.4	44.6	45.9	46.4	47.8	49.8	50.4	..
Uzbekistan	10.5	10.2	10.7	11.3	11.3	12.1	12.4	12.9	13.1	13.3	13.3	12.0	12.5	12.7	13.3	13.2	13.1	..

Country	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Albania	7.1	..	..	9.0	..	..	..	13.4	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Andorra	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	21.2	..	..	..	..	..	..
Azerbaijan	23.2	23.3	23.4	23.5	23.5	23.6	23.7	23.7	23.7	23.8	23.8	23.7	23.7	23.6	23.6	26.8	26.9	..
Austria	12.5	12.0	11.9	12.7	13.8	14.3	14.1	14.6	15.5	23.5	23.8	24.9	25.8	26.1	27.4	27.8	28.5	..
Armenia	..	..	..	..	..	..	24.1	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Belgium	25.6	26.4	26.8	27.1	28.2	30.1	29.9	30.7	31.0	32.6	32.9	33.3	36.1	37.0	37.5	39.1	41.3	..
Bosnia and Herzegovina	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	10.1	9.7	10.2	9.7	10.1	9.4	13.7	14.3	..
Bulgaria	21.5	22.0	22.2	22.6	23.2	24.1	24.2	24.6	26.2	27.6	28.2	28.3	28.5	28.7	28.8	29.6	29.9	..
Belarus	..	..	..	..	52.9	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	63.3	..	..	..
Canada	52.2	53.1	54.3	55.1	55.5	57.0	57.9	59.0	59.7	59.9	61.0	62.1	62.9	64.0	65.1	66.1	67.2	..
Croatia	..	..	..	..	..	..	18.3	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Cyprus	23.4	25.3	28.0	29.3	29.2	30.9	34.0	34.5	34.5	36.3	36.0	37.7	38.3	40.0	40.9	41.0	42.8	..
Czechia	9.9	10.5	10.7	11.7	12.7	13.8	15.2	16.4	17.4	18.1	19.1	19.6	20.4	21.0	20.9	21.8	23.5	..
Denmark	26.5	27.3	28.2	28.9	29.8	30.7	31.6	32.5	33.5	34.6	35.7	36.9	37.8	38.8	39.8	40.7	41.6	..
Estonia	36.5	36.8	37.3	39.1	41.9	41.2	42.4	40.0	40.8	41.5	42.1	42.3	42.8	43.3	43.8	44.5	45.6	..
Finland	31.5	32.2	32.9	33.8	34.4	35.0	35.7	36.3	37.1	37.7	38.1	38.6	39.3	40.2	40.8	41.4	42.0	..
France	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	27.5	28.8	29.6	30.1	30.8	32.1	32.9	..	..	..
Georgia	27.9	28.4	30.0	29.9	31.4	31.6	31.6	32.8	33.4	33.5	35.2	36.3	34.4	34.8	34.8	34.3	34.6	..
Germany	20.3	20.1	20.7	21.8	23.0	23.3	24.9	25.7	26.3	23.6	24.4	25.2	25.7	26.4	27.2	28.9	29.0	..
Greece	15.6	16.3	16.7	17.6	17.9	18.8	19.9	20.3	20.9	21.8	23.0	24.3	25.0	25.3	25.6	26.3	27.8	..
Hungary	16.3	17.2	17.8	19.0	19.9	20.2	21.3	22.8	23.3	24.2	24.9	24.6	24.7	26.2	27.8	29.0	31.0	..
Iceland	28.3	30.8	30.1	31.1	32.7	33.4	35.1	36.8	37.3	38.7	40.7	42.1	43.0	45.7	45.2	44.6	47.5	..
Ireland	26.9	28.7	30.8	33.0	33.9	36.3	37.1	38.4	40.1	40.6	41.3	42.1	43.7	44.0	43.5	..	..	..
Israel	41.9	42.2	43.5	43.4	44.7	45.6	45.9	46.8	48.3	49.9	49.9	51.2	51.9	51.6	52.1	52.1	51.5	..
Italy	11.0	11.7	12.4	13.2	13.3	13.6	13.7	14.5	15.0	15.4	16.1	16.4	17.5	18.2	18.5	18.7	18.4	..
Kazakhstan	..	..	..	..	..	41.6	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Kyrgyzstan	..	..	..	..	19.1	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Latvia	21.9	23.3	23.9	27.5	28.6	29.4	30.5	32.6	34.6	34.3	36.5	38.3	38.7	39.0	40.4	43.1	44.3	..
Liechtenstein	..	..	..	..	..	10.2	..	..	..	..	13.8	..	..	..	..	24.6	..	..
Lithuania	..	..	..	..	..	..	33.7	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	34.6	..
Luxembourg	21.6	20.2	22.9	23.5	28.3	25.8	29.1	31.1	33.2	36.4	32.3	29.7	28.8	36.8	39.2	39.1	44.1	..
Malta	..	8.9	9.3	9.7	11.0	11.3	13.0	14.9	16.7	17.2	18.4	18.8	19.4	22.6	25.5	26.4	27.4	..
Republic of Moldova	14.1	16.6	15.9	16.6	17.5	18.4	19.2	20.3	20.5	20.4	20.7	20.6	20.6	20.8	22.4	22.3	22.2	..
Netherlands	21.6	22.4	23.0	24.0	25.0	25.6	25.7	26.5	27.9	29.2	30.3	31.2	32.2	33.3	34.1	35.2	36.6	37.9
Norway	28.1	29.1	30.0	30.9	31.8	32.8	33.8	34.8	35.5	36.4	37.3	33.2	33.5	33.9	34.9	35.4	35.8	..
Poland	..	..	..	..	..	..	21.2	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Portugal	11.6	12.3	12.7	13.2	13.5	14.4	15.6	16.9	18.1	19.9	20.6	21.5	21.9	22.7	23.3	25.4	28.6	..
Romania	8.8	9.3	9.5	10.4	10.9	11.3	12.3	12.9	13.0	13.3	14.2	14.5	14.7	14.9	15.4	15.6	15.7	..
Russian Federation	..	..	..	..	..	62.3	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
San Marino	..	..	..	..	..	15.4	15.8	16.0	16.3	16.8	17.2	17.6	18.1	18.5	18.7	18.9	19.1	..
Serbia	12.2	12.4	13.5	13.8	14.4	15.2	15.2	16.0	17.6	19.5	20.4	21.3	21.5	22.3	22.8	23.2	23.7	..
Slovakia	..	..	..	..	..	..	18.1	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Slovenia	18.7	20.2	20.8	21.6	22.8	23.1	21.9	23.4	24.1	25.4	26.4	27.4	28.8	29.5	30.3	30.9	31.7	..
Spain	23.4	23.9	24.5	24.9	25.6	26.7	27.3	27.9	28.7	29.7	30.4	31.0	31.4	32.1	33.5	34.7	35.9	..
Sweden	30.9	31.8	32.7	30.1	30.9	31.7	32.5	33.3	34.0	34.8	35.5	36.2	36.9	37.6	38.3	39.1	39.8	..
Switzerland	16.3	17.2	18.8	20.8	22.0	22.4	22.8	23.7	25.8	27.2	28.8	29.7	30.9	32.5	33.3	34.2	34.5	..
Tajikistan	20.3	20.1	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Türkiye	..	..	..	9.5	10.5	10.9	12.2	12.9	14.6	15.9	17.7	17.2	18.0	19.0	19.9	..	..	..
Ukraine	37.3	36.3	37.3	39.1	39.5	40.5	42.6	43.2	43.9	45.1	46.8	46.2	46.2	46.1	47.4	45.8	46.1	..
North Macedonia	11.4	11.2	12.4	11.6	13.4	13.6	15.7	16.3	16.3	17.6	19.0	20.2	20.2	20.0	20.7	22.5	22.6	..
United Kingdom	23.7	24.9	26.0	28.8	30.2	31.7	32.8	35.1	36.2	37.1	38.2	37.1	38.2	40.2	39.7	..	..	..
United States	36.0	36.6	37.5	38.4	39.1	39.8	40.5	41.0	42.2	43.6	43.4	44.6	45.9	46.4	47.8	49.8	50.4	..
Uzbekistan	10.5	10.2	10.7	11.3	11.3	12.1	12.4	12.9	13.1	13.3	13.3	12.0	12.5	12.7	13.3	13.2	13.1	..

Footnote:

Educational attainment is defined as the highest level successfully completed by the person, in the educational system of the country where the education was received. The levels of education are defined according to the ISCED 1997.