Proportion of men with tertiary education level

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Proportion of men who use internet weekly

Proportion of women who use internet weekly

Proportion of women with tertiary education level

Share of women among researchers

Share of women among tertiary students

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Country	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Albania	9.2	..	..	12.3	..	..	..	13.2	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Andorra	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	20.9	..	..	..	..	..	..
Azerbaijan	27.3	27.3	27.5	27.6	27.7	27.8	27.9	28.0	28.2	28.2	28.3	28.3	28.6	28.4	28.4	28.2	28.2	..
Austria	19.6	19.8	19.6	20.0	20.8	20.8	20.9	21.3	21.8	29.7	30.3	30.9	31.2	32.1	32.4	32.6	33.0	..
Armenia	..	..	..	..	..	..	24.8	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Belgium	26.4	27.1	27.3	27.8	28.7	29.9	29.7	30.1	30.0	31.2	31.2	31.7	34.1	34.3	34.0	35.1	37.1	..
Bosnia and Herzegovina	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	12.6	11.4	12.0	11.1	11.7	11.3	13.4	13.9	..
Bulgaria	16.5	16.8	17.1	17.5	17.6	17.5	17.9	18.1	19.3	20.2	20.4	20.6	20.6	21.0	21.0	22.1	22.3	..
Belarus	..	..	..	..	46.8	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	56.9	..	..	..
Canada	54.5	55.2	56.2	56.4	56.9	57.7	58.4	59.0	59.2	59.8	60.7	61.2	61.6	62.4	64.0	64.5	65.7	..
Croatia	..	..	..	..	..	..	18.2	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Cyprus	26.4	27.6	29.5	30.6	29.8	31.1	31.6	33.7	33.9	34.0	33.6	34.3	34.7	35.4	35.0	36.1	39.2	..
Czechia	14.2	14.6	14.7	15.0	16.0	16.9	17.8	18.3	19.2	19.6	19.6	20.6	21.1	21.0	20.9	21.0	22.2	..
Denmark	23.8	24.3	24.7	25.1	25.7	26.2	26.8	27.3	28.0	28.7	29.6	30.5	31.1	31.8	32.6	33.1	33.8	..
Estonia	26.6	27.1	26.1	26.4	26.2	26.2	28.1	29.0	29.3	29.5	29.6	29.3	29.7	29.9	30.3	30.9	32.0	..
Finland	27.4	27.7	27.9	28.4	28.6	29.0	29.3	29.6	30.0	30.3	30.4	30.7	31.0	31.7	32.0	32.3	32.6	..
France	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	26.7	27.5	28.1	28.8	29.3	30.5	31.2	..	..	..
Georgia	29.6	30.0	31.4	30.6	32.4	32.4	33.2	33.4	32.7	33.3	34.0	35.1	33.6	32.9	32.4	31.8	32.3	..
Germany	28.8	27.7	27.8	28.9	29.6	29.8	30.2	30.4	30.5	30.4	30.8	31.2	31.3	31.6	32.4	33.4	33.2	..
Greece	19.6	20.4	20.9	21.3	21.0	21.7	22.8	23.1	23.7	24.4	24.5	24.8	25.6	26.5	26.4	27.3	29.2	..
Hungary	15.8	16.3	16.5	17.2	17.4	17.5	18.5	19.0	19.5	20.2	20.7	20.3	20.8	21.4	21.4	22.9	24.2	..
Iceland	25.0	25.1	26.1	26.8	27.0	25.1	25.7	27.0	27.2	28.4	28.6	29.3	30.2	31.0	32.1	33.3	33.8	..
Ireland	26.3	26.5	28.2	29.4	30.6	32.0	32.6	33.8	35.1	35.4	36.3	36.2	38.9	38.4	38.6	..	..	..
Israel	38.4	38.1	38.5	39.3	39.8	40.3	41.8	41.0	42.2	43.3	44.0	44.7	45.4	45.2	44.9	45.0	44.4	..
Italy	10.8	11.1	11.5	12.0	12.0	12.3	12.3	12.8	13.3	13.7	13.9	14.0	14.5	15.2	15.4	15.4	15.0	..
Kazakhstan	..	..	..	..	..	35.7	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Kyrgyzstan	..	..	..	..	17.0	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Latvia	16.1	15.9	16.9	18.6	18.8	20.1	20.0	20.8	22.9	21.9	22.0	23.5	24.4	24.6	26.8	28.3	28.4	..
Liechtenstein	..	..	..	..	..	22.8	..	..	..	..	25.1	..	..	..	..	41.7	..	..
Lithuania	..	..	..	..	..	..	27.5	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	26.9	..
Luxembourg	27.4	24.1	26.4	28.3	35.7	34.6	36.7	39.3	40.0	42.7	36.0	32.3	28.5	39.0	40.7	41.6	45.0	..
Malta	..	10.3	10.0	11.2	11.4	12.1	15.5	16.1	17.0	18.6	18.2	19.0	20.9	22.4	23.2	25.1	25.2	..
Republic of Moldova	13.4	16.1	14.7	14.9	15.3	15.7	16.8	17.6	17.6	16.8	16.7	17.0	17.2	17.3	17.6	17.9	18.6	..
Netherlands	28.8	28.9	29.6	30.6	31.1	31.8	31.2	31.8	32.6	33.1	34.0	34.1	34.7	35.5	36.6	37.5	38.3	39.1
Norway	28.7	29.1	29.5	29.9	30.3	30.8	31.2	31.7	31.9	32.3	32.8	38.1	38.8	39.6	41.1	42.0	42.8	..
Poland	..	..	..	..	..	..	17.3	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Portugal	9.1	9.7	9.5	9.8	10.2	10.6	12.4	13.4	13.4	14.7	15.4	16.1	16.1	16.6	17.9	19.1	21.2	..
Romania	10.7	11.1	11.4	11.9	12.0	12.4	13.3	13.6	13.5	13.8	14.7	14.8	14.6	14.7	15.2	15.4	15.1	..
Russian Federation	..	..	..	..	..	58.1	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
San Marino	..	..	..	..	..	13.5	13.5	13.7	13.8	14.1	14.2	14.3	14.7	14.8	14.8	14.9	14.7	..
Serbia	16.1	14.9	16.6	16.0	16.4	16.3	17.5	18.6	18.9	18.6	19.5	19.9	20.0	20.5	20.8	20.8	21.1	..
Slovakia	..	..	..	..	..	..	18.0	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Slovenia	17.5	18.2	18.5	18.6	18.8	19.2	17.5	18.4	18.7	19.5	20.0	20.6	21.5	21.9	22.2	22.4	22.7	..
Spain	25.0	25.2	25.7	26.0	26.1	26.8	27.6	27.9	28.8	29.5	29.4	29.7	30.4	31.1	32.2	33.2	33.9	..
Sweden	23.2	23.6	24.2	23.6	24.0	24.5	25.0	25.4	25.9	26.3	26.7	27.0	27.4	27.9	28.3	28.7	29.2	..
Switzerland	34.9	35.9	36.9	39.0	40.1	37.7	37.5	39.0	40.6	41.3	42.1	43.6	44.9	45.0	45.1	45.3	44.6	..
Tajikistan	28.8	27.7	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Türkiye	..	..	..	12.4	13.5	14.3	15.8	16.4	18.0	19.2	21.0	21.3	22.0	22.7	23.3	..	..	..
Ukraine	30.6	30.4	31.3	31.4	32.8	33.7	34.1	35.0	35.7	35.7	37.3	36.8	38.3	37.3	38.5	37.8	36.3	..
North Macedonia	13.7	13.3	14.3	13.7	14.5	16.2	17.5	17.8	16.4	16.4	17.3	18.9	19.0	18.5	19.2	20.9	21.2	..
United Kingdom	26.2	27.0	27.8	29.0	30.1	31.4	32.4	34.2	34.7	35.5	36.2	35.4	35.9	37.2	36.4	..	..	..
United States	36.5	36.9	37.2	38.0	37.9	38.2	39.2	40.1	40.8	40.6	41.2	42.3	42.9	43.8	44.7	46.3	46.1	..
Uzbekistan	13.8	14.6	15.7	15.6	15.2	15.9	16.6	17.2	17.9	18.2	18.4	20.8	20.0	20.0	19.7	20.0	19.9	..

Country	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Albania	9.2	..	..	12.3	..	..	..	13.2	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Andorra	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	20.9	..	..	..	..	..	..
Azerbaijan	27.3	27.3	27.5	27.6	27.7	27.8	27.9	28.0	28.2	28.2	28.3	28.3	28.6	28.4	28.4	28.2	28.2	..
Austria	19.6	19.8	19.6	20.0	20.8	20.8	20.9	21.3	21.8	29.7	30.3	30.9	31.2	32.1	32.4	32.6	33.0	..
Armenia	..	..	..	..	..	..	24.8	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Belgium	26.4	27.1	27.3	27.8	28.7	29.9	29.7	30.1	30.0	31.2	31.2	31.7	34.1	34.3	34.0	35.1	37.1	..
Bosnia and Herzegovina	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	12.6	11.4	12.0	11.1	11.7	11.3	13.4	13.9	..
Bulgaria	16.5	16.8	17.1	17.5	17.6	17.5	17.9	18.1	19.3	20.2	20.4	20.6	20.6	21.0	21.0	22.1	22.3	..
Belarus	..	..	..	..	46.8	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	56.9	..	..	..
Canada	54.5	55.2	56.2	56.4	56.9	57.7	58.4	59.0	59.2	59.8	60.7	61.2	61.6	62.4	64.0	64.5	65.7	..
Croatia	..	..	..	..	..	..	18.2	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Cyprus	26.4	27.6	29.5	30.6	29.8	31.1	31.6	33.7	33.9	34.0	33.6	34.3	34.7	35.4	35.0	36.1	39.2	..
Czechia	14.2	14.6	14.7	15.0	16.0	16.9	17.8	18.3	19.2	19.6	19.6	20.6	21.1	21.0	20.9	21.0	22.2	..
Denmark	23.8	24.3	24.7	25.1	25.7	26.2	26.8	27.3	28.0	28.7	29.6	30.5	31.1	31.8	32.6	33.1	33.8	..
Estonia	26.6	27.1	26.1	26.4	26.2	26.2	28.1	29.0	29.3	29.5	29.6	29.3	29.7	29.9	30.3	30.9	32.0	..
Finland	27.4	27.7	27.9	28.4	28.6	29.0	29.3	29.6	30.0	30.3	30.4	30.7	31.0	31.7	32.0	32.3	32.6	..
France	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	26.7	27.5	28.1	28.8	29.3	30.5	31.2	..	..	..
Georgia	29.6	30.0	31.4	30.6	32.4	32.4	33.2	33.4	32.7	33.3	34.0	35.1	33.6	32.9	32.4	31.8	32.3	..
Germany	28.8	27.7	27.8	28.9	29.6	29.8	30.2	30.4	30.5	30.4	30.8	31.2	31.3	31.6	32.4	33.4	33.2	..
Greece	19.6	20.4	20.9	21.3	21.0	21.7	22.8	23.1	23.7	24.4	24.5	24.8	25.6	26.5	26.4	27.3	29.2	..
Hungary	15.8	16.3	16.5	17.2	17.4	17.5	18.5	19.0	19.5	20.2	20.7	20.3	20.8	21.4	21.4	22.9	24.2	..
Iceland	25.0	25.1	26.1	26.8	27.0	25.1	25.7	27.0	27.2	28.4	28.6	29.3	30.2	31.0	32.1	33.3	33.8	..
Ireland	26.3	26.5	28.2	29.4	30.6	32.0	32.6	33.8	35.1	35.4	36.3	36.2	38.9	38.4	38.6	..	..	..
Israel	38.4	38.1	38.5	39.3	39.8	40.3	41.8	41.0	42.2	43.3	44.0	44.7	45.4	45.2	44.9	45.0	44.4	..
Italy	10.8	11.1	11.5	12.0	12.0	12.3	12.3	12.8	13.3	13.7	13.9	14.0	14.5	15.2	15.4	15.4	15.0	..
Kazakhstan	..	..	..	..	..	35.7	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Kyrgyzstan	..	..	..	..	17.0	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Latvia	16.1	15.9	16.9	18.6	18.8	20.1	20.0	20.8	22.9	21.9	22.0	23.5	24.4	24.6	26.8	28.3	28.4	..
Liechtenstein	..	..	..	..	..	22.8	..	..	..	..	25.1	..	..	..	..	41.7	..	..
Lithuania	..	..	..	..	..	..	27.5	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	26.9	..
Luxembourg	27.4	24.1	26.4	28.3	35.7	34.6	36.7	39.3	40.0	42.7	36.0	32.3	28.5	39.0	40.7	41.6	45.0	..
Malta	..	10.3	10.0	11.2	11.4	12.1	15.5	16.1	17.0	18.6	18.2	19.0	20.9	22.4	23.2	25.1	25.2	..
Republic of Moldova	13.4	16.1	14.7	14.9	15.3	15.7	16.8	17.6	17.6	16.8	16.7	17.0	17.2	17.3	17.6	17.9	18.6	..
Netherlands	28.8	28.9	29.6	30.6	31.1	31.8	31.2	31.8	32.6	33.1	34.0	34.1	34.7	35.5	36.6	37.5	38.3	39.1
Norway	28.7	29.1	29.5	29.9	30.3	30.8	31.2	31.7	31.9	32.3	32.8	38.1	38.8	39.6	41.1	42.0	42.8	..
Poland	..	..	..	..	..	..	17.3	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Portugal	9.1	9.7	9.5	9.8	10.2	10.6	12.4	13.4	13.4	14.7	15.4	16.1	16.1	16.6	17.9	19.1	21.2	..
Romania	10.7	11.1	11.4	11.9	12.0	12.4	13.3	13.6	13.5	13.8	14.7	14.8	14.6	14.7	15.2	15.4	15.1	..
Russian Federation	..	..	..	..	..	58.1	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
San Marino	..	..	..	..	..	13.5	13.5	13.7	13.8	14.1	14.2	14.3	14.7	14.8	14.8	14.9	14.7	..
Serbia	16.1	14.9	16.6	16.0	16.4	16.3	17.5	18.6	18.9	18.6	19.5	19.9	20.0	20.5	20.8	20.8	21.1	..
Slovakia	..	..	..	..	..	..	18.0	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Slovenia	17.5	18.2	18.5	18.6	18.8	19.2	17.5	18.4	18.7	19.5	20.0	20.6	21.5	21.9	22.2	22.4	22.7	..
Spain	25.0	25.2	25.7	26.0	26.1	26.8	27.6	27.9	28.8	29.5	29.4	29.7	30.4	31.1	32.2	33.2	33.9	..
Sweden	23.2	23.6	24.2	23.6	24.0	24.5	25.0	25.4	25.9	26.3	26.7	27.0	27.4	27.9	28.3	28.7	29.2	..
Switzerland	34.9	35.9	36.9	39.0	40.1	37.7	37.5	39.0	40.6	41.3	42.1	43.6	44.9	45.0	45.1	45.3	44.6	..
Tajikistan	28.8	27.7	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Türkiye	..	..	..	12.4	13.5	14.3	15.8	16.4	18.0	19.2	21.0	21.3	22.0	22.7	23.3	..	..	..
Ukraine	30.6	30.4	31.3	31.4	32.8	33.7	34.1	35.0	35.7	35.7	37.3	36.8	38.3	37.3	38.5	37.8	36.3	..
North Macedonia	13.7	13.3	14.3	13.7	14.5	16.2	17.5	17.8	16.4	16.4	17.3	18.9	19.0	18.5	19.2	20.9	21.2	..
United Kingdom	26.2	27.0	27.8	29.0	30.1	31.4	32.4	34.2	34.7	35.5	36.2	35.4	35.9	37.2	36.4	..	..	..
United States	36.5	36.9	37.2	38.0	37.9	38.2	39.2	40.1	40.8	40.6	41.2	42.3	42.9	43.8	44.7	46.3	46.1	..
Uzbekistan	13.8	14.6	15.7	15.6	15.2	15.9	16.6	17.2	17.9	18.2	18.4	20.8	20.0	20.0	19.7	20.0	19.9	..

Footnote:

Educational attainment is defined as the highest level successfully completed by the person, in the educational system of the country where the education was received. The levels of education are defined according to the ISCED 1997.