Unemployment rate
| Country | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
| Austria | 5.6 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 4.1 | 5.7 | 5.2 | 4.9 | 5.2 | 5.7 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 6.5 | 5.9 | 5.2 | 4.8 | 6.0 | 6.2 | 4.8 | .. |
| Belgium | 8.5 | 8.3 | 7.5 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 8.4 | 7.2 | 7.6 | 8.6 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 7.9 | 7.2 | 6.0 | 5.5 | 5.8 | 6.3 | 5.6 | .. |
| Bulgaria | 10.1 | 9.0 | 6.9 | 5.6 | 7.9 | 11.3 | 12.3 | 13.3 | 13.9 | 12.4 | 10.1 | 8.6 | 7.2 | 6.2 | 5.2 | 6.1 | 5.3 | 4.3 | .. |
| Belarus | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 4.8 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 3.9 | .. | .. |
| Canada | 6.8 | 6.3 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 8.3 | 8.1 | 7.5 | 7.3 | 7.1 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 7.0 | 6.3 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 9.5 | 7.5 | 5.3 | 5.4 |
| Croatia | 12.8 | 11.3 | 9.9 | 8.6 | 9.2 | 11.7 | 13.7 | 16.0 | 17.3 | 17.3 | 16.2 | 13.1 | 11.2 | 8.5 | 6.6 | 7.5 | 7.6 | 7.0 | .. |
| Cyprus | 5.3 | 4.6 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 5.4 | 6.3 | 7.9 | 11.9 | 15.9 | 16.1 | 15.0 | 13.0 | 11.1 | 8.4 | 7.1 | 7.6 | 7.5 | 6.8 | .. |
| Czechia | 7.9 | 7.2 | 5.3 | 4.4 | 6.7 | 7.3 | 6.7 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 6.1 | 5.1 | 4.0 | 2.9 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.2 | .. |
| Denmark | 4.8 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 6.4 | 7.7 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 7.4 | 6.9 | 6.3 | 6.0 | 5.8 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 5.6 | 5.1 | 4.5 | .. |
| Estonia | 8.0 | 5.9 | 4.6 | 5.5 | 13.5 | 16.6 | 12.3 | 9.9 | 8.6 | 7.3 | 6.4 | 6.8 | 5.8 | 5.4 | 4.5 | 6.9 | 6.2 | 5.6 | .. |
| Finland | 8.4 | 7.7 | 6.9 | 6.4 | 8.3 | 8.6 | 8.0 | 7.9 | 8.3 | 8.7 | 9.4 | 8.9 | 8.7 | 7.5 | 6.8 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 6.8 | .. |
| Georgia | 15.1 | 15.4 | 17.4 | 17.9 | 18.3 | 27.2 | 27.2 | 26.7 | 26.4 | 23.0 | 21.9 | 21.7 | 21.6 | 19.2 | 17.6 | 18.5 | 20.6 | .. | .. |
| Greece | 10.0 | 9.0 | 8.4 | 7.8 | 9.8 | 12.9 | 18.1 | 24.8 | 27.8 | 26.6 | 25.0 | 23.9 | 21.8 | 19.7 | 17.9 | 17.6 | 14.7 | 12.5 | .. |
| Hungary | 7.2 | 7.5 | 7.4 | 7.8 | 9.7 | 10.8 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 9.8 | 7.5 | 6.6 | 5.0 | 4.0 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 3.6 | .. |
| Iceland | 2.5 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 2.9 | 7.2 | 7.6 | 7.0 | 6.0 | 5.4 | 4.9 | 4.0 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 3.5 | 5.5 | 6.1 | 3.8 | .. |
| Ireland | 4.6 | 4.8 | 5.0 | 6.8 | 12.6 | 14.6 | 15.4 | 15.5 | 13.8 | 11.9 | 9.9 | 8.4 | 6.7 | 5.8 | 5.0 | 5.9 | 6.2 | 4.5 | .. |
| Israel | 9.0 | 8.4 | 7.3 | 6.1 | 7.6 | 6.6 | 5.6 | 6.8 | 6.2 | 5.9 | 5.3 | 4.8 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 4.3 | 5.0 | 3.8 | 3.4 |
| Italy | 7.7 | 6.8 | 6.1 | 6.7 | 7.9 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 10.9 | 12.4 | 12.9 | 12.0 | 11.7 | 11.3 | 10.6 | 9.9 | 9.3 | 9.5 | 8.1 | .. |
| Kyrgyzstan | 8.1 | 8.3 | 8.2 | 8.2 | 8.4 | 8.6 | 8.5 | 8.4 | 8.3 | 8.1 | 7.6 | 7.2 | 6.9 | 4.5 | 5.3 | 5.8 | .. | .. | .. |
| Latvia | 10.0 | 7.0 | 6.1 | 7.7 | 17.7 | 19.7 | 16.3 | 15.1 | 11.9 | 10.9 | 9.9 | 9.7 | 8.7 | 7.4 | 6.3 | 8.1 | 7.6 | 6.9 | .. |
| Liechtenstein | 2.4 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 2.3 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.4 |
| Lithuania | 8.3 | 5.8 | 4.3 | 5.8 | 13.8 | 17.8 | 15.4 | 13.4 | 11.8 | 10.7 | 9.1 | 7.9 | 7.1 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 8.5 | 7.1 | 6.0 | .. |
| Luxembourg | 4.5 | 4.7 | 4.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 4.4 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 6.7 | 6.3 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 6.8 | 5.3 | 4.6 | .. |
| Malta | 6.9 | 6.8 | 6.5 | 6.0 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 6.4 | 6.2 | 6.1 | 5.7 | 5.4 | 4.7 | 4.0 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 4.4 | 3.4 | 2.9 | .. |
| Republic of Moldova | 7.3 | 7.6 | 5.1 | 4.0 | 6.4 | 7.5 | 6.8 | 5.6 | 5.2 | 3.8 | 4.8 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 5.1 | 3.8 | 3.2 | 3.1 | .. |
| Netherlands | 5.9 | 5.0 | 4.2 | 3.7 | 5.4 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 6.8 | 8.2 | 8.4 | 7.9 | 7.0 | 5.9 | 4.9 | 4.4 | 4.9 | 4.2 | 3.5 | .. |
| Norway | 4.4 | 3.4 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3.4 | 4.0 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 4.4 | 3.2 | .. |
| Poland | 17.8 | 13.9 | 9.6 | 7.1 | 8.5 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.4 | 10.6 | 9.2 | 7.7 | 6.3 | 5.0 | 3.9 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 2.9 | .. |
| Portugal | 7.7 | 7.8 | 8.1 | 7.7 | 11.2 | 12.6 | 13.5 | 16.6 | 17.2 | 14.6 | 13.0 | 11.5 | 9.2 | 7.2 | 6.7 | 7.0 | 6.7 | 6.2 | .. |
| Romania | 7.2 | 7.3 | 6.4 | 5.8 | 8.4 | 9.0 | 9.1 | 8.7 | 9.0 | 8.6 | 8.4 | 7.2 | 6.1 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 6.1 | 5.6 | 5.6 | .. |
| Russian Federation | 7.1 | 7.1 | 6.0 | 6.2 | 8.3 | 7.3 | 6.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| San Marino | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 3.6 | 3.7 | 5.2 | 6.1 | 8.7 | 9.2 | 8.6 | 8.1 | 8.0 | 7.7 | 7.3 | 6.4 | 5.1 | 4.2 |
| Serbia | 20.8 | 20.9 | 18.1 | 13.6 | 16.1 | 19.2 | 23.0 | 23.9 | 22.1 | 19.2 | 17.7 | 15.3 | 13.5 | 12.7 | 10.4 | 9.7 | 11.0 | .. | .. |
| Slovakia | 16.3 | 13.4 | 11.1 | 9.5 | 12.0 | 14.3 | 13.5 | 13.9 | 14.1 | 13.1 | 11.5 | 9.6 | 8.1 | 6.5 | 5.7 | 6.7 | 6.8 | 6.1 | .. |
| Slovenia | 6.5 | 6.0 | 4.9 | 4.4 | 5.9 | 7.3 | 8.2 | 8.9 | 10.1 | 9.7 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 6.6 | 5.1 | 4.4 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 4.0 | .. |
| Spain | 9.2 | 8.5 | 8.2 | 11.3 | 17.9 | 19.9 | 21.4 | 24.8 | 26.1 | 24.5 | 22.1 | 19.6 | 17.2 | 15.3 | 14.1 | 15.5 | 14.8 | 12.9 | .. |
| Sweden | 7.5 | 7.1 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 8.5 | 8.8 | 8.0 | 8.1 | 8.2 | 8.1 | 7.6 | 7.1 | 6.8 | 6.5 | 7.0 | 8.5 | 8.8 | 7.5 | .. |
| Switzerland | 4.5 | 4.1 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.4 | 4.8 | 3.0 | .. | .. |
| Tajikistan | 1.9 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.1 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Türkiye | 9.5 | 8.8 | 8.9 | 9.8 | 12.6 | 10.7 | 8.8 | 8.2 | 8.8 | 9.9 | 10.3 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 13.7 | 13.2 | .. | .. | .. |
| Turkmenistan | 3.7 | .. | 3.6 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Ukraine | 7.2 | 6.8 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 8.8 | 8.2 | 8.0 | 7.6 | 7.3 | 9.3 | 9.1 | 9.3 | 9.5 | 8.8 | 8.2 | 9.5 | 9.8 | .. | .. |
| Uzbekistan | .. | .. | 5.0 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.4 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.8 | 9.3 | 9.0 | 10.5 | 9.6 | .. | .. |
| Country | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
| Austria | 5.6 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 4.1 | 5.7 | 5.2 | 4.9 | 5.2 | 5.7 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 6.5 | 5.9 | 5.2 | 4.8 | 6.0 | 6.2 | 4.8 | .. |
| Belgium | 8.5 | 8.3 | 7.5 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 8.4 | 7.2 | 7.6 | 8.6 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 7.9 | 7.2 | 6.0 | 5.5 | 5.8 | 6.3 | 5.6 | .. |
| Bulgaria | 10.1 | 9.0 | 6.9 | 5.6 | 7.9 | 11.3 | 12.3 | 13.3 | 13.9 | 12.4 | 10.1 | 8.6 | 7.2 | 6.2 | 5.2 | 6.1 | 5.3 | 4.3 | .. |
| Belarus | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 4.8 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 3.9 | .. | .. |
| Canada | 6.8 | 6.3 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 8.3 | 8.1 | 7.5 | 7.3 | 7.1 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 7.0 | 6.3 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 9.5 | 7.5 | 5.3 | 5.4 |
| Croatia | 12.8 | 11.3 | 9.9 | 8.6 | 9.2 | 11.7 | 13.7 | 16.0 | 17.3 | 17.3 | 16.2 | 13.1 | 11.2 | 8.5 | 6.6 | 7.5 | 7.6 | 7.0 | .. |
| Cyprus | 5.3 | 4.6 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 5.4 | 6.3 | 7.9 | 11.9 | 15.9 | 16.1 | 15.0 | 13.0 | 11.1 | 8.4 | 7.1 | 7.6 | 7.5 | 6.8 | .. |
| Czechia | 7.9 | 7.2 | 5.3 | 4.4 | 6.7 | 7.3 | 6.7 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 6.1 | 5.1 | 4.0 | 2.9 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.2 | .. |
| Denmark | 4.8 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 6.4 | 7.7 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 7.4 | 6.9 | 6.3 | 6.0 | 5.8 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 5.6 | 5.1 | 4.5 | .. |
| Estonia | 8.0 | 5.9 | 4.6 | 5.5 | 13.5 | 16.6 | 12.3 | 9.9 | 8.6 | 7.3 | 6.4 | 6.8 | 5.8 | 5.4 | 4.5 | 6.9 | 6.2 | 5.6 | .. |
| Finland | 8.4 | 7.7 | 6.9 | 6.4 | 8.3 | 8.6 | 8.0 | 7.9 | 8.3 | 8.7 | 9.4 | 8.9 | 8.7 | 7.5 | 6.8 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 6.8 | .. |
| Georgia | 15.1 | 15.4 | 17.4 | 17.9 | 18.3 | 27.2 | 27.2 | 26.7 | 26.4 | 23.0 | 21.9 | 21.7 | 21.6 | 19.2 | 17.6 | 18.5 | 20.6 | .. | .. |
| Greece | 10.0 | 9.0 | 8.4 | 7.8 | 9.8 | 12.9 | 18.1 | 24.8 | 27.8 | 26.6 | 25.0 | 23.9 | 21.8 | 19.7 | 17.9 | 17.6 | 14.7 | 12.5 | .. |
| Hungary | 7.2 | 7.5 | 7.4 | 7.8 | 9.7 | 10.8 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 9.8 | 7.5 | 6.6 | 5.0 | 4.0 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 3.6 | .. |
| Iceland | 2.5 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 2.9 | 7.2 | 7.6 | 7.0 | 6.0 | 5.4 | 4.9 | 4.0 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 3.5 | 5.5 | 6.1 | 3.8 | .. |
| Ireland | 4.6 | 4.8 | 5.0 | 6.8 | 12.6 | 14.6 | 15.4 | 15.5 | 13.8 | 11.9 | 9.9 | 8.4 | 6.7 | 5.8 | 5.0 | 5.9 | 6.2 | 4.5 | .. |
| Israel | 9.0 | 8.4 | 7.3 | 6.1 | 7.6 | 6.6 | 5.6 | 6.8 | 6.2 | 5.9 | 5.3 | 4.8 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 4.3 | 5.0 | 3.8 | 3.4 |
| Italy | 7.7 | 6.8 | 6.1 | 6.7 | 7.9 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 10.9 | 12.4 | 12.9 | 12.0 | 11.7 | 11.3 | 10.6 | 9.9 | 9.3 | 9.5 | 8.1 | .. |
| Kyrgyzstan | 8.1 | 8.3 | 8.2 | 8.2 | 8.4 | 8.6 | 8.5 | 8.4 | 8.3 | 8.1 | 7.6 | 7.2 | 6.9 | 4.5 | 5.3 | 5.8 | .. | .. | .. |
| Latvia | 10.0 | 7.0 | 6.1 | 7.7 | 17.7 | 19.7 | 16.3 | 15.1 | 11.9 | 10.9 | 9.9 | 9.7 | 8.7 | 7.4 | 6.3 | 8.1 | 7.6 | 6.9 | .. |
| Liechtenstein | 2.4 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 2.3 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.4 |
| Lithuania | 8.3 | 5.8 | 4.3 | 5.8 | 13.8 | 17.8 | 15.4 | 13.4 | 11.8 | 10.7 | 9.1 | 7.9 | 7.1 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 8.5 | 7.1 | 6.0 | .. |
| Luxembourg | 4.5 | 4.7 | 4.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 4.4 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 6.7 | 6.3 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 6.8 | 5.3 | 4.6 | .. |
| Malta | 6.9 | 6.8 | 6.5 | 6.0 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 6.4 | 6.2 | 6.1 | 5.7 | 5.4 | 4.7 | 4.0 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 4.4 | 3.4 | 2.9 | .. |
| Republic of Moldova | 7.3 | 7.6 | 5.1 | 4.0 | 6.4 | 7.5 | 6.8 | 5.6 | 5.2 | 3.8 | 4.8 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 5.1 | 3.8 | 3.2 | 3.1 | .. |
| Netherlands | 5.9 | 5.0 | 4.2 | 3.7 | 5.4 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 6.8 | 8.2 | 8.4 | 7.9 | 7.0 | 5.9 | 4.9 | 4.4 | 4.9 | 4.2 | 3.5 | .. |
| Norway | 4.4 | 3.4 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3.4 | 4.0 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 4.4 | 3.2 | .. |
| Poland | 17.8 | 13.9 | 9.6 | 7.1 | 8.5 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.4 | 10.6 | 9.2 | 7.7 | 6.3 | 5.0 | 3.9 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 2.9 | .. |
| Portugal | 7.7 | 7.8 | 8.1 | 7.7 | 11.2 | 12.6 | 13.5 | 16.6 | 17.2 | 14.6 | 13.0 | 11.5 | 9.2 | 7.2 | 6.7 | 7.0 | 6.7 | 6.2 | .. |
| Romania | 7.2 | 7.3 | 6.4 | 5.8 | 8.4 | 9.0 | 9.1 | 8.7 | 9.0 | 8.6 | 8.4 | 7.2 | 6.1 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 6.1 | 5.6 | 5.6 | .. |
| Russian Federation | 7.1 | 7.1 | 6.0 | 6.2 | 8.3 | 7.3 | 6.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| San Marino | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 3.6 | 3.7 | 5.2 | 6.1 | 8.7 | 9.2 | 8.6 | 8.1 | 8.0 | 7.7 | 7.3 | 6.4 | 5.1 | 4.2 |
| Serbia | 20.8 | 20.9 | 18.1 | 13.6 | 16.1 | 19.2 | 23.0 | 23.9 | 22.1 | 19.2 | 17.7 | 15.3 | 13.5 | 12.7 | 10.4 | 9.7 | 11.0 | .. | .. |
| Slovakia | 16.3 | 13.4 | 11.1 | 9.5 | 12.0 | 14.3 | 13.5 | 13.9 | 14.1 | 13.1 | 11.5 | 9.6 | 8.1 | 6.5 | 5.7 | 6.7 | 6.8 | 6.1 | .. |
| Slovenia | 6.5 | 6.0 | 4.9 | 4.4 | 5.9 | 7.3 | 8.2 | 8.9 | 10.1 | 9.7 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 6.6 | 5.1 | 4.4 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 4.0 | .. |
| Spain | 9.2 | 8.5 | 8.2 | 11.3 | 17.9 | 19.9 | 21.4 | 24.8 | 26.1 | 24.5 | 22.1 | 19.6 | 17.2 | 15.3 | 14.1 | 15.5 | 14.8 | 12.9 | .. |
| Sweden | 7.5 | 7.1 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 8.5 | 8.8 | 8.0 | 8.1 | 8.2 | 8.1 | 7.6 | 7.1 | 6.8 | 6.5 | 7.0 | 8.5 | 8.8 | 7.5 | .. |
| Switzerland | 4.5 | 4.1 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.4 | 4.8 | 3.0 | .. | .. |
| Tajikistan | 1.9 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.1 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Türkiye | 9.5 | 8.8 | 8.9 | 9.8 | 12.6 | 10.7 | 8.8 | 8.2 | 8.8 | 9.9 | 10.3 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 13.7 | 13.2 | .. | .. | .. |
| Turkmenistan | 3.7 | .. | 3.6 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Ukraine | 7.2 | 6.8 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 8.8 | 8.2 | 8.0 | 7.6 | 7.3 | 9.3 | 9.1 | 9.3 | 9.5 | 8.8 | 8.2 | 9.5 | 9.8 | .. | .. |
| Uzbekistan | .. | .. | 5.0 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.4 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.8 | 9.3 | 9.0 | 10.5 | 9.6 | .. | .. |
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