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Statistical Division
Glossary of Terms
What is UNECE

Consumer price index (CPI)

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) aims to measure the average changes over time in the general level of prices of goods and services purchased by the households for their own final consumption.

The prices of a representative sample of goods and services are collected in monthly surveys and the CPI is compiled and published monthly. It is usually not revised or seasonally adjusted.

To some extent differences in compilation methods and in the coverage (of goods and services, geographical area and population groups) may influence the international comparability of the data.

A comprehensive and detailed explanation of CPI methodology is provided in ILO/IMF/OECD/UNECE/Eurostat/The World Bank (2004): (Consumer Price Index Manual. Theory and Practice. International Labour Office, Geneva).

Consumer price index (CPI)
Growth rate (%)

More indicators
Economy
Consumer price index (CPI)
Final consumption expenditure
Gross domestic product (GDP) in absolute value
Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita
Share of agriculture in GDP
Share of construction in GDP
Share of exports in GDP
Share of finance and business services in GDP
Share of imports in GDP
Share of industry in GDP
Share of trade, hospitality, transport and communication in GDP
Unemployment rate
Youth unemployment rate
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CSV TSV JSON
Country 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Albania 2.4 2.4 2.9 3.4 2.3 3.6 3.4 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.9 1.3 2.0 2.0 1.4 1.6 2.0 6.7 4.8
Andorra 3.5 3.7 2.6 4.6 -1.2 1.7 2.6 1.5 0.5 -0.1 -1.1 -0.4 2.6 1.0 0.5 0.1 1.7 6.2 5.6
Azerbaijan 9.6 8.3 16.7 20.8 1.5 5.7 7.9 1.1 2.4 1.4 4.0 12.4 12.9 2.3 2.6 2.8 6.7 13.9 8.8
Austria 2.3 1.4 2.2 3.2 0.5 1.8 3.3 2.5 2.0 1.6 0.9 0.9 2.1 2.0 1.5 1.4 2.8 8.5 7.8
Armenia 0.6 2.9 4.4 9.0 3.4 8.2 7.7 2.6 5.8 3.0 3.7 -1.4 1.0 2.5 1.4 1.2 7.2 8.6 2.0
Belgium 2.8 1.8 1.8 4.5 -0.1 2.2 3.5 2.8 1.1 0.3 0.6 2.0 2.1 2.1 1.4 0.7 2.4 9.6 4.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina 3.8 6.1 1.5 7.4 -0.4 2.0 3.7 2.1 0.1 -1.1 -0.8 -1.7 0.6 1.2 0.8 -0.7 0.7 12.4 8.3
Bulgaria 5.0 7.3 8.4 12.4 2.7 2.4 4.2 3.0 0.9 -1.4 -0.1 -0.8 2.1 2.8 3.1 1.7 3.3 15.3 9.4
Belarus 10.3 7.0 8.4 14.8 12.9 7.7 53.2 59.2 18.3 18.1 13.5 11.8 6.0 4.9 5.6 5.5 9.5 15.2 5.0
Canada 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.4 0.3 1.8 2.9 1.5 0.9 1.9 1.1 1.4 1.6 2.3 1.9 0.7 3.4 6.8 3.9
Croatia 3.3 3.2 2.9 6.1 2.4 1.0 2.3 3.4 2.2 -0.2 -0.5 -1.1 1.1 1.5 0.8 0.2 2.6 10.8 7.9
Cyprus 2.6 2.3 2.4 4.7 0.3 2.4 3.3 2.4 -0.4 -1.4 -2.1 -1.4 0.5 1.4 0.2 -0.6 2.4 8.4 3.5
Czechia 1.9 2.5 2.9 6.4 1.0 1.5 1.9 3.3 1.4 0.3 0.3 0.7 2.4 2.1 2.8 3.2 3.8 15.1 10.7
Denmark 1.8 1.9 1.7 3.4 1.3 2.3 2.8 2.4 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.2 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.4 1.9 7.7 3.3
Estonia 4.1 4.4 6.6 10.4 -0.1 3.0 5.0 3.9 2.8 -0.1 -0.5 0.1 3.4 3.4 2.3 -0.4 4.7 19.4 9.2
Finland 0.6 1.6 2.5 4.1 0.0 1.2 3.4 2.8 1.5 1.0 -0.2 0.4 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.3 2.2 7.1 6.2
France 1.7 1.7 1.5 2.8 0.1 1.5 2.1 2.0 0.9 0.5 0.0 0.2 1.0 1.9 1.1 0.5 1.6 5.2 4.9
Georgia 8.3 9.2 9.2 10.0 1.7 7.1 8.5 -0.9 -0.5 3.1 4.0 2.1 6.0 2.6 4.9 5.2 9.6 11.9 2.5
Germany 1.5 1.6 2.3 2.6 0.3 1.1 2.1 2.0 1.5 0.9 0.5 0.5 1.5 1.7 1.4 0.1 3.1 6.9 5.9
Greece 3.5 3.2 2.9 4.2 1.2 4.7 3.3 1.5 -0.9 -1.3 -1.7 -0.8 1.1 0.6 0.3 -1.2 1.2 9.6 3.5
Hungary 3.6 3.9 8.0 6.0 4.2 4.9 3.9 5.7 1.7 -0.2 -0.1 0.4 2.3 2.8 3.3 3.3 5.1 14.6 17.1
Iceland 4.0 6.7 5.1 12.7 12.0 5.4 4.0 5.2 3.9 2.0 1.6 1.7 1.8 2.7 3.0 2.8 4.4 8.3 8.7
Ireland 2.4 3.9 4.9 4.1 -4.5 -0.9 2.6 1.7 0.5 0.2 -0.3 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.9 -0.3 2.4 7.8 6.3
Israel 1.3 2.1 0.5 4.6 3.4 2.7 3.5 1.7 1.6 0.5 -0.6 -0.6 0.3 0.8 0.8 -0.6 1.5 4.4 4.2
Italy 2.0 2.1 1.8 3.3 0.8 1.5 2.8 3.0 1.2 0.2 0.0 -0.1 1.2 1.1 0.6 -0.1 1.9 8.2 5.6
Kazakhstan 7.7 8.7 10.8 17.1 7.3 7.4 8.4 5.1 5.8 6.7 6.7 14.5 7.4 6.0 5.2 6.7 8.0 15.0 14.8
Kyrgyzstan 4.3 5.6 10.2 24.5 6.8 8.0 16.6 2.8 6.6 7.5 6.5 0.4 3.2 1.5 1.1 6.3 11.9 13.9 10.7
Latvia 6.7 6.5 10.1 15.4 3.5 -1.1 4.4 2.3 -0.0 0.6 0.2 0.1 2.9 2.5 2.8 0.2 3.3 17.3 8.9
Liechtenstein .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.2 -0.7 -0.2 -0.0 -1.1 -0.4 0.5 0.9 0.4 -0.7 0.6 2.8 2.1
Lithuania 2.7 3.7 5.7 10.9 4.5 1.3 4.1 3.1 1.0 0.1 -0.9 0.9 3.7 2.7 2.3 1.2 4.7 19.7 9.1
Luxembourg 2.5 2.7 2.3 3.4 0.4 2.3 3.4 2.7 1.7 0.6 0.5 0.3 1.7 1.5 1.7 0.8 2.5 6.3 3.7
Malta 3.0 2.8 1.3 4.3 2.1 1.5 3.0 2.4 1.2 0.3 1.1 0.6 1.4 1.2 1.6 0.6 1.5 6.2 5.1
Republic of Moldova 12.0 12.8 12.4 12.8 -0.1 7.5 7.7 4.5 4.6 5.1 9.7 6.4 6.6 3.0 4.8 3.8 5.1 28.7 13.4
Montenegro 2.6 2.9 4.3 8.8 3.5 0.7 3.4 4.1 2.2 -0.7 1.5 -0.3 2.4 2.6 0.4 -0.3 2.4 13.0 8.6
Netherlands 1.7 1.1 1.6 2.5 1.2 1.3 2.3 2.5 2.5 1.0 0.6 0.3 1.4 1.7 2.6 1.3 2.7 10.0 3.8
Norway 1.5 2.3 0.7 3.8 2.2 2.4 1.3 0.7 2.1 2.0 2.2 3.6 1.9 2.8 2.2 1.3 3.5 5.8 5.5
Poland 2.2 1.3 2.5 4.2 3.8 2.6 4.2 3.6 1.0 0.1 -0.9 -0.7 2.1 1.8 2.2 3.4 5.1 14.4 11.5
Portugal 2.3 3.1 2.5 2.6 -0.8 1.4 3.7 2.8 0.3 -0.3 0.5 0.6 1.4 1.0 0.3 -0.0 1.3 7.8 4.3
Romania 9.0 6.6 4.8 7.9 5.6 6.1 5.8 3.3 4.0 1.1 -0.6 -1.5 1.3 4.6 3.8 2.6 5.1 13.8 10.4
Russian Federation 12.7 9.7 9.0 14.1 11.6 6.8 8.4 5.1 6.8 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
San Marino 1.7 2.1 2.5 4.3 2.2 2.6 2.9 2.8 1.6 1.1 0.1 0.6 1.0 1.8 1.0 0.2 2.1 5.9 6.4
Serbia 16.1 11.7 6.4 12.4 8.1 6.1 11.1 7.3 7.7 2.1 1.4 1.1 3.1 2.0 1.8 1.6 4.1 12.0 12.4
Slovakia 2.7 4.5 2.8 4.6 1.6 1.0 3.9 3.6 1.4 -0.1 -0.3 -0.5 1.3 2.5 2.7 1.9 3.1 12.8 10.5
Slovenia 2.5 2.5 3.7 5.6 0.8 1.8 1.8 2.6 1.8 0.2 -0.5 -0.1 1.4 1.7 1.6 -0.1 1.9 8.8 7.4
Spain 3.4 3.5 2.8 4.1 -0.3 1.8 3.2 2.4 1.4 -0.2 -0.5 -0.2 2.0 1.7 0.7 -0.3 3.1 8.4 3.5
Sweden 0.5 1.4 2.2 3.4 -0.5 1.2 3.0 0.9 -0.0 -0.2 -0.0 1.0 1.8 2.0 1.8 0.5 2.2 8.4 8.5
Switzerland 1.2 1.1 0.7 2.4 -0.5 0.7 0.2 -0.7 -0.2 -0.0 -1.1 -0.4 0.5 0.9 0.4 -0.7 0.6 2.8 2.1
Tajikistan 7.2 10.0 13.4 20.9 6.4 6.4 12.4 5.8 5.0 6.1 5.7 6.0 11.5 6.6 7.8 8.6 9.0 6.7 3.7
Türkiye 8.2 9.6 8.8 10.4 6.3 8.6 6.5 8.9 7.5 8.9 7.7 7.8 11.1 16.3 15.2 12.3 19.6 72.3 53.9
Ukraine 13.4 9.1 12.8 25.2 15.9 9.4 8.0 0.6 -0.2 .. 48.7 13.9 14.4 11.0 7.9 2.7 9.4 20.2 12.8
North Macedonia 0.5 3.2 2.3 8.3 -0.7 1.5 3.9 3.3 2.8 -0.3 -0.3 -0.2 1.4 1.5 0.8 1.2 3.2 14.2 9.4
United Kingdom 2.1 2.5 2.4 3.5 2.0 2.5 3.9 2.6 2.3 1.5 0.4 1.0 2.6 2.3 1.7 1.0 3.3 9.1 7.3
United States 3.4 3.2 2.9 3.8 -0.4 1.6 3.2 2.1 1.5 1.6 0.1 1.3 2.1 2.4 1.8 1.2 4.7 8.0 4.1
Uzbekistan .. .. .. .. .. .. 13.8 13.2 11.8 9.3 8.8 8.1 13.9 17.5 14.5 12.9 10.8 11.4 9.4
Country 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Albania 2.4 2.4 2.9 3.4 2.3 3.6 3.4 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.9 1.3 2.0 2.0 1.4 1.6 2.0 6.7 4.8
Andorra 3.5 3.7 2.6 4.6 -1.2 1.7 2.6 1.5 0.5 -0.1 -1.1 -0.4 2.6 1.0 0.5 0.1 1.7 6.2 5.6
Azerbaijan 9.6 8.3 16.7 20.8 1.5 5.7 7.9 1.1 2.4 1.4 4.0 12.4 12.9 2.3 2.6 2.8 6.7 13.9 8.8
Austria 2.3 1.4 2.2 3.2 0.5 1.8 3.3 2.5 2.0 1.6 0.9 0.9 2.1 2.0 1.5 1.4 2.8 8.5 7.8
Armenia 0.6 2.9 4.4 9.0 3.4 8.2 7.7 2.6 5.8 3.0 3.7 -1.4 1.0 2.5 1.4 1.2 7.2 8.6 2.0
Belgium 2.8 1.8 1.8 4.5 -0.1 2.2 3.5 2.8 1.1 0.3 0.6 2.0 2.1 2.1 1.4 0.7 2.4 9.6 4.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina 3.8 6.1 1.5 7.4 -0.4 2.0 3.7 2.1 0.1 -1.1 -0.8 -1.7 0.6 1.2 0.8 -0.7 0.7 12.4 8.3
Bulgaria 5.0 7.3 8.4 12.4 2.7 2.4 4.2 3.0 0.9 -1.4 -0.1 -0.8 2.1 2.8 3.1 1.7 3.3 15.3 9.4
Belarus 10.3 7.0 8.4 14.8 12.9 7.7 53.2 59.2 18.3 18.1 13.5 11.8 6.0 4.9 5.6 5.5 9.5 15.2 5.0
Canada 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.4 0.3 1.8 2.9 1.5 0.9 1.9 1.1 1.4 1.6 2.3 1.9 0.7 3.4 6.8 3.9
Croatia 3.3 3.2 2.9 6.1 2.4 1.0 2.3 3.4 2.2 -0.2 -0.5 -1.1 1.1 1.5 0.8 0.2 2.6 10.8 7.9
Cyprus 2.6 2.3 2.4 4.7 0.3 2.4 3.3 2.4 -0.4 -1.4 -2.1 -1.4 0.5 1.4 0.2 -0.6 2.4 8.4 3.5
Czechia 1.9 2.5 2.9 6.4 1.0 1.5 1.9 3.3 1.4 0.3 0.3 0.7 2.4 2.1 2.8 3.2 3.8 15.1 10.7
Denmark 1.8 1.9 1.7 3.4 1.3 2.3 2.8 2.4 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.2 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.4 1.9 7.7 3.3
Estonia 4.1 4.4 6.6 10.4 -0.1 3.0 5.0 3.9 2.8 -0.1 -0.5 0.1 3.4 3.4 2.3 -0.4 4.7 19.4 9.2
Finland 0.6 1.6 2.5 4.1 0.0 1.2 3.4 2.8 1.5 1.0 -0.2 0.4 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.3 2.2 7.1 6.2
France 1.7 1.7 1.5 2.8 0.1 1.5 2.1 2.0 0.9 0.5 0.0 0.2 1.0 1.9 1.1 0.5 1.6 5.2 4.9
Georgia 8.3 9.2 9.2 10.0 1.7 7.1 8.5 -0.9 -0.5 3.1 4.0 2.1 6.0 2.6 4.9 5.2 9.6 11.9 2.5
Germany 1.5 1.6 2.3 2.6 0.3 1.1 2.1 2.0 1.5 0.9 0.5 0.5 1.5 1.7 1.4 0.1 3.1 6.9 5.9
Greece 3.5 3.2 2.9 4.2 1.2 4.7 3.3 1.5 -0.9 -1.3 -1.7 -0.8 1.1 0.6 0.3 -1.2 1.2 9.6 3.5
Hungary 3.6 3.9 8.0 6.0 4.2 4.9 3.9 5.7 1.7 -0.2 -0.1 0.4 2.3 2.8 3.3 3.3 5.1 14.6 17.1
Iceland 4.0 6.7 5.1 12.7 12.0 5.4 4.0 5.2 3.9 2.0 1.6 1.7 1.8 2.7 3.0 2.8 4.4 8.3 8.7
Ireland 2.4 3.9 4.9 4.1 -4.5 -0.9 2.6 1.7 0.5 0.2 -0.3 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.9 -0.3 2.4 7.8 6.3
Israel 1.3 2.1 0.5 4.6 3.4 2.7 3.5 1.7 1.6 0.5 -0.6 -0.6 0.3 0.8 0.8 -0.6 1.5 4.4 4.2
Italy 2.0 2.1 1.8 3.3 0.8 1.5 2.8 3.0 1.2 0.2 0.0 -0.1 1.2 1.1 0.6 -0.1 1.9 8.2 5.6
Kazakhstan 7.7 8.7 10.8 17.1 7.3 7.4 8.4 5.1 5.8 6.7 6.7 14.5 7.4 6.0 5.2 6.7 8.0 15.0 14.8
Kyrgyzstan 4.3 5.6 10.2 24.5 6.8 8.0 16.6 2.8 6.6 7.5 6.5 0.4 3.2 1.5 1.1 6.3 11.9 13.9 10.7
Latvia 6.7 6.5 10.1 15.4 3.5 -1.1 4.4 2.3 -0.0 0.6 0.2 0.1 2.9 2.5 2.8 0.2 3.3 17.3 8.9
Liechtenstein .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.2 -0.7 -0.2 -0.0 -1.1 -0.4 0.5 0.9 0.4 -0.7 0.6 2.8 2.1
Lithuania 2.7 3.7 5.7 10.9 4.5 1.3 4.1 3.1 1.0 0.1 -0.9 0.9 3.7 2.7 2.3 1.2 4.7 19.7 9.1
Luxembourg 2.5 2.7 2.3 3.4 0.4 2.3 3.4 2.7 1.7 0.6 0.5 0.3 1.7 1.5 1.7 0.8 2.5 6.3 3.7
Malta 3.0 2.8 1.3 4.3 2.1 1.5 3.0 2.4 1.2 0.3 1.1 0.6 1.4 1.2 1.6 0.6 1.5 6.2 5.1
Republic of Moldova 12.0 12.8 12.4 12.8 -0.1 7.5 7.7 4.5 4.6 5.1 9.7 6.4 6.6 3.0 4.8 3.8 5.1 28.7 13.4
Montenegro 2.6 2.9 4.3 8.8 3.5 0.7 3.4 4.1 2.2 -0.7 1.5 -0.3 2.4 2.6 0.4 -0.3 2.4 13.0 8.6
Netherlands 1.7 1.1 1.6 2.5 1.2 1.3 2.3 2.5 2.5 1.0 0.6 0.3 1.4 1.7 2.6 1.3 2.7 10.0 3.8
Norway 1.5 2.3 0.7 3.8 2.2 2.4 1.3 0.7 2.1 2.0 2.2 3.6 1.9 2.8 2.2 1.3 3.5 5.8 5.5
Poland 2.2 1.3 2.5 4.2 3.8 2.6 4.2 3.6 1.0 0.1 -0.9 -0.7 2.1 1.8 2.2 3.4 5.1 14.4 11.5
Portugal 2.3 3.1 2.5 2.6 -0.8 1.4 3.7 2.8 0.3 -0.3 0.5 0.6 1.4 1.0 0.3 -0.0 1.3 7.8 4.3
Romania 9.0 6.6 4.8 7.9 5.6 6.1 5.8 3.3 4.0 1.1 -0.6 -1.5 1.3 4.6 3.8 2.6 5.1 13.8 10.4
Russian Federation 12.7 9.7 9.0 14.1 11.6 6.8 8.4 5.1 6.8 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
San Marino 1.7 2.1 2.5 4.3 2.2 2.6 2.9 2.8 1.6 1.1 0.1 0.6 1.0 1.8 1.0 0.2 2.1 5.9 6.4
Serbia 16.1 11.7 6.4 12.4 8.1 6.1 11.1 7.3 7.7 2.1 1.4 1.1 3.1 2.0 1.8 1.6 4.1 12.0 12.4
Slovakia 2.7 4.5 2.8 4.6 1.6 1.0 3.9 3.6 1.4 -0.1 -0.3 -0.5 1.3 2.5 2.7 1.9 3.1 12.8 10.5
Slovenia 2.5 2.5 3.7 5.6 0.8 1.8 1.8 2.6 1.8 0.2 -0.5 -0.1 1.4 1.7 1.6 -0.1 1.9 8.8 7.4
Spain 3.4 3.5 2.8 4.1 -0.3 1.8 3.2 2.4 1.4 -0.2 -0.5 -0.2 2.0 1.7 0.7 -0.3 3.1 8.4 3.5
Sweden 0.5 1.4 2.2 3.4 -0.5 1.2 3.0 0.9 -0.0 -0.2 -0.0 1.0 1.8 2.0 1.8 0.5 2.2 8.4 8.5
Switzerland 1.2 1.1 0.7 2.4 -0.5 0.7 0.2 -0.7 -0.2 -0.0 -1.1 -0.4 0.5 0.9 0.4 -0.7 0.6 2.8 2.1
Tajikistan 7.2 10.0 13.4 20.9 6.4 6.4 12.4 5.8 5.0 6.1 5.7 6.0 11.5 6.6 7.8 8.6 9.0 6.7 3.7
Türkiye 8.2 9.6 8.8 10.4 6.3 8.6 6.5 8.9 7.5 8.9 7.7 7.8 11.1 16.3 15.2 12.3 19.6 72.3 53.9
Ukraine 13.4 9.1 12.8 25.2 15.9 9.4 8.0 0.6 -0.2 .. 48.7 13.9 14.4 11.0 7.9 2.7 9.4 20.2 12.8
North Macedonia 0.5 3.2 2.3 8.3 -0.7 1.5 3.9 3.3 2.8 -0.3 -0.3 -0.2 1.4 1.5 0.8 1.2 3.2 14.2 9.4
United Kingdom 2.1 2.5 2.4 3.5 2.0 2.5 3.9 2.6 2.3 1.5 0.4 1.0 2.6 2.3 1.7 1.0 3.3 9.1 7.3
United States 3.4 3.2 2.9 3.8 -0.4 1.6 3.2 2.1 1.5 1.6 0.1 1.3 2.1 2.4 1.8 1.2 4.7 8.0 4.1
Uzbekistan .. .. .. .. .. .. 13.8 13.2 11.8 9.3 8.8 8.1 13.9 17.5 14.5 12.9 10.8 11.4 9.4

Footnote:  
For economic indicator footnotes click here.