Indicator 4.5.1
Indicator 4.5.1
Adjusted gender parity index for participation rate in formal and non-formal education and training (ratio), age 15-64 years, ratio
Parity indices require data for the specific groups of interest. They represent the ratio of the indicator value for one group to that of the other. Typically, the likely more disadvantaged group is placed in the numerator. A value of exactly 1 indicates parity between the two groups.
INDICATOR 4.5.1
Adjusted gender parity index for participation rate in formal and non-formal education and training (ratio), age 15-64 years. Parity indices require data for the specific groups of interest. They represent the ratio of the indicator value for one group to that of the other. Typically, the likely more disadvantaged group is placed in the numerator. A value of exactly 1 indicates parity between the two groups.
TARGET 4.5
By 2030, eliminate gender disparities in education and ensure equal access to all levels of education and vocational training for the vulnerable, including persons with disabilities, indigenous peoples and children in vulnerable situations
GOAL 4
Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
METADATA
See United Nations Global SDG Database
INDICATOR 4.5.1
Adjusted gender parity index for participation rate in formal and non-formal education and training (ratio), age 15-64 years. Parity indices require data for the specific groups of interest. They represent the ratio of the indicator value for one group to that of the other. Typically, the likely more disadvantaged group is placed in the numerator. A value of exactly 1 indicates parity between the two groups.
TARGET 4.5
By 2030, eliminate gender disparities in education and ensure equal access to all levels of education and vocational training for the vulnerable, including persons with disabilities, indigenous peoples and children in vulnerable situations
GOAL 4
Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
METADATA
See United Nations Global SDG Database
INDICATOR 4.5.1
Adjusted gender parity index for participation rate in formal and non-formal education and training (ratio), age 15-64 years. Parity indices require data for the specific groups of interest. They represent the ratio of the indicator value for one group to that of the other. Typically, the likely more disadvantaged group is placed in the numerator. A value of exactly 1 indicates parity between the two groups.
TARGET 4.5
By 2030, eliminate gender disparities in education and ensure equal access to all levels of education and vocational training for the vulnerable, including persons with disabilities, indigenous peoples and children in vulnerable situations
GOAL 4
Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
METADATA
See United Nations Global SDG Database
Country | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
Albania | 0.95 | 0.99 | 0.88 | 1.09 | 1.02 | 1.01 | 0.95 | 0.91 | 1.05 | 1.14 | .. | .. | .. |
Armenia | 0.97 | 0.92 | 0.90 | 0.81 | 1.13 | 1.10 | 0.98 | 0.85 | 1.06 | 0.91 | 0.94 | 0.97 | .. |
Austria | 1.02 | 1.06 | 1.03 | 1.02 | 1.01 | 1.05 | 1.02 | 1.04 | 1.06 | 1.08 | 1.05 | 1.11 | 1.09 |
Belarus | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1.00 | 0.95 | 1.03 | 0.89 | 0.90 | 0.88 | 0.92 |
Belgium | 1.04 | 1.06 | 1.09 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.04 | 1.04 | .. |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1.05 | 1.08 | 1.14 | 1.07 | 1.03 | 1.10 | 1.13 | 1.06 | 1.15 | 0.96 | 1.06 | 1.12 | 1.14 |
Bulgaria | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.10 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.04 | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.09 | 1.06 | .. |
Canada | 1.11 | 1.10 | 1.09 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.12 | 1.12 | 1.12 | 1.13 | 1.12 | 1.15 | 1.18 | 1.17 |
Croatia | 1.12 | 1.12 | 1.10 | 1.07 | 1.13 | 1.16 | 1.10 | 1.12 | 1.14 | 1.12 | 1.18 | 1.20 | .. |
Cyprus | 1.04 | 1.08 | 1.14 | 1.10 | 1.12 | 1.07 | 1.02 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 1.06 | 1.05 | 1.02 | 0.95 |
Czechia | 1.09 | 1.11 | 1.11 | 1.09 | 1.11 | 1.10 | 1.11 | 1.10 | 1.07 | 1.06 | 1.09 | 1.09 | 1.11 |
Denmark | 1.24 | 1.24 | 1.23 | 1.21 | 1.21 | 1.22 | 1.20 | 1.18 | 1.20 | 1.21 | 1.18 | 1.20 | .. |
Estonia | 1.17 | 1.21 | 1.15 | 1.22 | 1.19 | 1.17 | 1.19 | 1.25 | 1.24 | 1.20 | 1.24 | 1.26 | .. |
Finland | 1.22 | 1.20 | 1.19 | 1.19 | 1.21 | 1.18 | 1.19 | 1.17 | 1.19 | 1.19 | 1.19 | 1.23 | .. |
France | 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.02 | 1.03 | 1.04 | 1.05 | 1.03 | 1.04 | 1.06 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.07 | 1.06 |
Georgia | .. | .. | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.93 | 0.87 | 0.86 | 0.96 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 1.03 | .. | .. |
Germany | 1.02 | 0.97 | 0.98 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.98 | 0.97 | 1.00 | .. |
Greece | 1.02 | 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.05 | 1.02 | 1.02 | 1.03 | 1.03 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 0.99 | 1.01 | 1.05 |
Hungary | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.97 | 1.01 | 1.01 | 1.06 | 1.01 | 1.03 | 1.04 | 1.08 | 1.00 | .. |
Iceland | 1.20 | 1.16 | 1.18 | 1.16 | 1.20 | 1.22 | 1.18 | 1.19 | 1.21 | 1.22 | 1.22 | 1.25 | .. |
Ireland | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.07 | 1.03 | 1.08 | 1.13 | 1.12 | 1.11 | 1.04 | 1.01 |
Israel | .. | .. | 0.93 | 0.96 | 0.92 | 0.94 | 0.95 | 0.94 | 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.88 |
Italy | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.05 | 1.04 | 1.10 |
Kyrgyzstan | 1.07 | 1.00 | 1.01 | 1.03 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 1.05 | 1.03 | 1.10 | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.09 | .. |
Latvia | 1.14 | 1.09 | 1.10 | 1.13 | 1.08 | 1.17 | 1.14 | 1.12 | 1.23 | 1.19 | 1.22 | 1.28 | .. |
Lithuania | 1.03 | 1.09 | 1.06 | 1.05 | 1.03 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.11 | 1.15 | 1.14 | 1.19 | 1.18 | .. |
Luxembourg | 1.06 | 0.99 | 1.03 | 1.07 | 1.06 | 1.01 | 0.96 | 1.04 | 0.96 | 1.00 | 1.08 | 1.04 | .. |
Malta | 1.04 | 1.12 | 1.11 | 1.08 | 1.03 | 1.06 | 1.13 | 1.13 | 1.13 | 1.14 | 1.18 | 1.12 | 1.12 |
Montenegro | .. | 1.01 | 0.95 | 1.02 | 1.03 | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.98 | 1.10 | 1.16 | 1.09 | .. | .. |
Netherlands | 1.04 | 1.01 | 1.02 | 1.03 | 1.01 | 1.02 | 1.04 | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.05 | 1.04 | .. |
North Macedonia | 1.07 | 1.04 | 1.05 | 1.01 | 1.02 | 1.04 | 1.08 | 1.07 | 1.06 | 1.05 | 1.09 | 1.14 | 1.11 |
Norway | 1.14 | 1.09 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.14 | 1.13 | 1.12 | 1.10 | 1.15 | 1.13 | 1.10 | 1.09 | .. |
Poland | 1.09 | 1.10 | 1.11 | 1.11 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.11 | 1.09 | 1.11 |
Portugal | 0.98 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.02 | 0.99 | 0.96 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 1.02 | 1.00 | 1.03 | 1.03 | 1.02 |
Republic of Moldova | 1.09 | 1.07 | 1.06 | 1.05 | 1.00 | 1.04 | 0.98 | 0.96 | 1.03 | 0.95 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 1.03 |
Romania | 1.00 | 1.01 | 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.01 | 1.02 | 1.01 | 0.98 | 1.01 | 1.03 | 1.02 | 0.99 | 1.00 |
Serbia | 1.04 | 1.08 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.09 | 1.09 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.14 | 1.15 | 1.15 |
Slovakia | 1.04 | 1.11 | 1.10 | 1.09 | 1.13 | 1.13 | 1.14 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.13 | 1.13 | 1.11 | 1.13 |
Slovenia | 1.15 | 1.18 | 1.17 | 1.17 | 1.17 | 1.15 | 1.19 | 1.19 | 1.20 | 1.15 | 1.11 | 1.13 | .. |
Spain | 1.12 | 1.11 | 1.08 | 1.09 | 1.08 | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.05 | 1.07 | 1.10 | 1.11 | 1.12 | 1.13 |
Sweden | 1.28 | 1.29 | 1.28 | 1.28 | 1.28 | 1.28 | 1.28 | 1.27 | 1.28 | 1.30 | 1.27 | 1.24 | .. |
Switzerland | 1.04 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.09 | 1.09 | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.10 | 1.09 | 1.08 | 1.09 | 1.06 | 1.09 |
Türkiye | 0.83 | 0.87 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.91 | 0.92 | 0.91 | 0.89 | 0.93 | 0.96 | 0.94 | 0.98 | 1.03 |
United Kingdom | 1.15 | 1.11 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.09 | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.07 | 1.09 | 1.10 | 1.16 | 1.17 | 1.15 |
United States | 1.04 | 1.02 | 1.03 | 1.08 | 1.07 | 1.07 | 1.07 | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.09 | 1.11 | 1.12 |
Country | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
Albania | 0.95 | 0.99 | 0.88 | 1.09 | 1.02 | 1.01 | 0.95 | 0.91 | 1.05 | 1.14 | .. | .. | .. |
Armenia | 0.97 | 0.92 | 0.90 | 0.81 | 1.13 | 1.10 | 0.98 | 0.85 | 1.06 | 0.91 | 0.94 | 0.97 | .. |
Austria | 1.02 | 1.06 | 1.03 | 1.02 | 1.01 | 1.05 | 1.02 | 1.04 | 1.06 | 1.08 | 1.05 | 1.11 | 1.09 |
Belarus | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1.00 | 0.95 | 1.03 | 0.89 | 0.90 | 0.88 | 0.92 |
Belgium | 1.04 | 1.06 | 1.09 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.04 | 1.04 | .. |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1.05 | 1.08 | 1.14 | 1.07 | 1.03 | 1.10 | 1.13 | 1.06 | 1.15 | 0.96 | 1.06 | 1.12 | 1.14 |
Bulgaria | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.10 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.04 | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.09 | 1.06 | .. |
Canada | 1.11 | 1.10 | 1.09 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.12 | 1.12 | 1.12 | 1.13 | 1.12 | 1.15 | 1.18 | 1.17 |
Croatia | 1.12 | 1.12 | 1.10 | 1.07 | 1.13 | 1.16 | 1.10 | 1.12 | 1.14 | 1.12 | 1.18 | 1.20 | .. |
Cyprus | 1.04 | 1.08 | 1.14 | 1.10 | 1.12 | 1.07 | 1.02 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 1.06 | 1.05 | 1.02 | 0.95 |
Czechia | 1.09 | 1.11 | 1.11 | 1.09 | 1.11 | 1.10 | 1.11 | 1.10 | 1.07 | 1.06 | 1.09 | 1.09 | 1.11 |
Denmark | 1.24 | 1.24 | 1.23 | 1.21 | 1.21 | 1.22 | 1.20 | 1.18 | 1.20 | 1.21 | 1.18 | 1.20 | .. |
Estonia | 1.17 | 1.21 | 1.15 | 1.22 | 1.19 | 1.17 | 1.19 | 1.25 | 1.24 | 1.20 | 1.24 | 1.26 | .. |
Finland | 1.22 | 1.20 | 1.19 | 1.19 | 1.21 | 1.18 | 1.19 | 1.17 | 1.19 | 1.19 | 1.19 | 1.23 | .. |
France | 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.02 | 1.03 | 1.04 | 1.05 | 1.03 | 1.04 | 1.06 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.07 | 1.06 |
Georgia | .. | .. | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.93 | 0.87 | 0.86 | 0.96 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 1.03 | .. | .. |
Germany | 1.02 | 0.97 | 0.98 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.98 | 0.97 | 1.00 | .. |
Greece | 1.02 | 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.05 | 1.02 | 1.02 | 1.03 | 1.03 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 0.99 | 1.01 | 1.05 |
Hungary | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.97 | 1.01 | 1.01 | 1.06 | 1.01 | 1.03 | 1.04 | 1.08 | 1.00 | .. |
Iceland | 1.20 | 1.16 | 1.18 | 1.16 | 1.20 | 1.22 | 1.18 | 1.19 | 1.21 | 1.22 | 1.22 | 1.25 | .. |
Ireland | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.07 | 1.03 | 1.08 | 1.13 | 1.12 | 1.11 | 1.04 | 1.01 |
Israel | .. | .. | 0.93 | 0.96 | 0.92 | 0.94 | 0.95 | 0.94 | 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.88 |
Italy | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.05 | 1.04 | 1.10 |
Kyrgyzstan | 1.07 | 1.00 | 1.01 | 1.03 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 1.05 | 1.03 | 1.10 | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.09 | .. |
Latvia | 1.14 | 1.09 | 1.10 | 1.13 | 1.08 | 1.17 | 1.14 | 1.12 | 1.23 | 1.19 | 1.22 | 1.28 | .. |
Lithuania | 1.03 | 1.09 | 1.06 | 1.05 | 1.03 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.11 | 1.15 | 1.14 | 1.19 | 1.18 | .. |
Luxembourg | 1.06 | 0.99 | 1.03 | 1.07 | 1.06 | 1.01 | 0.96 | 1.04 | 0.96 | 1.00 | 1.08 | 1.04 | .. |
Malta | 1.04 | 1.12 | 1.11 | 1.08 | 1.03 | 1.06 | 1.13 | 1.13 | 1.13 | 1.14 | 1.18 | 1.12 | 1.12 |
Montenegro | .. | 1.01 | 0.95 | 1.02 | 1.03 | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.98 | 1.10 | 1.16 | 1.09 | .. | .. |
Netherlands | 1.04 | 1.01 | 1.02 | 1.03 | 1.01 | 1.02 | 1.04 | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.05 | 1.04 | .. |
North Macedonia | 1.07 | 1.04 | 1.05 | 1.01 | 1.02 | 1.04 | 1.08 | 1.07 | 1.06 | 1.05 | 1.09 | 1.14 | 1.11 |
Norway | 1.14 | 1.09 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.14 | 1.13 | 1.12 | 1.10 | 1.15 | 1.13 | 1.10 | 1.09 | .. |
Poland | 1.09 | 1.10 | 1.11 | 1.11 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.11 | 1.09 | 1.11 |
Portugal | 0.98 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.02 | 0.99 | 0.96 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 1.02 | 1.00 | 1.03 | 1.03 | 1.02 |
Republic of Moldova | 1.09 | 1.07 | 1.06 | 1.05 | 1.00 | 1.04 | 0.98 | 0.96 | 1.03 | 0.95 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 1.03 |
Romania | 1.00 | 1.01 | 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.01 | 1.02 | 1.01 | 0.98 | 1.01 | 1.03 | 1.02 | 0.99 | 1.00 |
Serbia | 1.04 | 1.08 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.09 | 1.09 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.14 | 1.15 | 1.15 |
Slovakia | 1.04 | 1.11 | 1.10 | 1.09 | 1.13 | 1.13 | 1.14 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.13 | 1.13 | 1.11 | 1.13 |
Slovenia | 1.15 | 1.18 | 1.17 | 1.17 | 1.17 | 1.15 | 1.19 | 1.19 | 1.20 | 1.15 | 1.11 | 1.13 | .. |
Spain | 1.12 | 1.11 | 1.08 | 1.09 | 1.08 | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.05 | 1.07 | 1.10 | 1.11 | 1.12 | 1.13 |
Sweden | 1.28 | 1.29 | 1.28 | 1.28 | 1.28 | 1.28 | 1.28 | 1.27 | 1.28 | 1.30 | 1.27 | 1.24 | .. |
Switzerland | 1.04 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.09 | 1.09 | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.10 | 1.09 | 1.08 | 1.09 | 1.06 | 1.09 |
Türkiye | 0.83 | 0.87 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.91 | 0.92 | 0.91 | 0.89 | 0.93 | 0.96 | 0.94 | 0.98 | 1.03 |
United Kingdom | 1.15 | 1.11 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.09 | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.07 | 1.09 | 1.10 | 1.16 | 1.17 | 1.15 |
United States | 1.04 | 1.02 | 1.03 | 1.08 | 1.07 | 1.07 | 1.07 | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.09 | 1.11 | 1.12 |
INDICATOR 4.5.1
Adjusted gender parity index for participation rate in formal and non-formal education and training (ratio), age 15-64 years. Parity indices require data for the specific groups of interest. They represent the ratio of the indicator value for one group to that of the other. Typically, the likely more disadvantaged group is placed in the numerator. A value of exactly 1 indicates parity between the two groups.
TARGET 4.5
By 2030, eliminate gender disparities in education and ensure equal access to all levels of education and vocational training for the vulnerable, including persons with disabilities, indigenous peoples and children in vulnerable situations
GOAL 4
Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
METADATA
See United Nations Global SDG Database