INDICATOR 9.4.1
Carbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion. Carbon dioxide (CO2) from fuel combustion in millions of tonnes.
TARGET 9.4
By 2030, upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable, with increased resource-use efficiency and greater adoption of clean and environmentally sound technologies and industrial processes, with all countries taking action in accordance with their respective capabilities.
GOAL 9
Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
METADATA
See United Nations Global SDG Database
INDICATOR 9.4.1
Carbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion. Carbon dioxide (CO2) from fuel combustion in millions of tonnes.
TARGET 9.4
By 2030, upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable, with increased resource-use efficiency and greater adoption of clean and environmentally sound technologies and industrial processes, with all countries taking action in accordance with their respective capabilities.
GOAL 9
Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
METADATA
See United Nations Global SDG Database
INDICATOR 9.4.1
Carbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion. Carbon dioxide (CO2) from fuel combustion in millions of tonnes.
TARGET 9.4
By 2030, upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable, with increased resource-use efficiency and greater adoption of clean and environmentally sound technologies and industrial processes, with all countries taking action in accordance with their respective capabilities.
GOAL 9
Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
METADATA
See United Nations Global SDG Database
| Country | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
| Albania | 4.160 | 3.500 | 3.670 | 4.140 | 3.840 | 3.690 | 4.390 | 4.390 | 4.070 | 3.390 | 3.890 | 3.610 | 3.350 |
| Armenia | 4.670 | 5.440 | 5.240 | 5.240 | 5.100 | 4.910 | 5.170 | 5.400 | 5.850 | 6.330 | 6.860 | 7.050 | 6.720 |
| Austria | 66.610 | 63.440 | 64.100 | 60.420 | 61.550 | 61.970 | 64.150 | 61.300 | 62.770 | 57.370 | 59.960 | 56.680 | 52.790 |
| Azerbaijan | 26.360 | 28.800 | 29.360 | 30.710 | 30.540 | 31.200 | 30.850 | 31.400 | 33.190 | 31.960 | 33.970 | 36.380 | 38.390 |
| Belarus | 56.360 | 57.550 | 57.520 | 56.780 | 52.600 | 53.000 | 54.020 | 57.110 | 55.410 | 52.500 | 53.150 | 50.550 | 49.740 |
| Belgium | 93.870 | 92.780 | 94.060 | 87.790 | 92.820 | 91.750 | 90.360 | 90.990 | 89.830 | 82.420 | 86.170 | 80.480 | 76.890 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 23.400 | 21.650 | 21.510 | 19.190 | 19.320 | 22.030 | 22.340 | 22.240 | 20.760 | 20.520 | 20.700 | 20.600 | 19.090 |
| Bulgaria | 48.850 | 44.040 | 38.770 | 41.140 | 43.450 | 40.390 | 42.650 | 39.690 | 38.050 | 33.050 | 38.700 | 42.860 | 31.270 |
| Canada | 533.080 | 530.410 | 538.770 | 543.740 | 538.170 | 537.130 | 547.240 | 557.970 | 552.460 | 501.750 | 508.830 | 523.260 | 522.890 |
| Croatia | 17.950 | 16.360 | 15.870 | 15.010 | 15.430 | 15.800 | 16.120 | 15.220 | 15.340 | 14.410 | 15.090 | 15.670 | 16.520 |
| Cyprus | 7.090 | 6.590 | 5.680 | 5.840 | 5.970 | 6.340 | 6.440 | 6.350 | 6.400 | 5.890 | 6.020 | 6.080 | 6.070 |
| Czechia | 109.560 | 105.820 | 101.600 | 98.500 | 99.630 | 101.320 | 101.840 | 100.890 | 95.760 | 87.280 | 92.140 | 90.710 | 79.660 |
| Denmark | 42.050 | 37.150 | 38.880 | 34.690 | 32.540 | 33.960 | 31.760 | 31.760 | 28.350 | 25.970 | 27.750 | 26.810 | 24.540 |
| Estonia | 18.030 | 16.510 | 18.420 | 17.090 | 14.170 | 15.710 | 16.470 | 15.440 | 9.770 | 7.030 | 8.310 | 9.920 | 6.530 |
| Finland | 54.130 | 48.490 | 49.270 | 45.290 | 41.950 | 44.780 | 42.200 | 43.330 | 40.230 | 35.590 | 35.470 | 33.680 | 29.420 |
| France | 329.980 | 333.110 | 334.130 | 300.560 | 306.250 | 309.240 | 313.540 | 303.390 | 296.350 | 262.140 | 294.760 | 285.580 | 262.670 |
| Georgia | 5.950 | 6.610 | 7.400 | 8.030 | 8.730 | 9.120 | 9.120 | 8.970 | 9.530 | 9.310 | 9.880 | 11.020 | 11.090 |
| Germany | 731.240 | 745.140 | 763.650 | 723.110 | 729.680 | 734.490 | 718.790 | 694.540 | 645.400 | 593.100 | 618.130 | 610.170 | 549.220 |
| Greece | 82.120 | 76.990 | 68.850 | 65.730 | 64.540 | 63.080 | 63.110 | 61.600 | 56.630 | 48.030 | 49.660 | 50.820 | 47.050 |
| Hungary | 46.340 | 42.750 | 40.240 | 40.060 | 42.710 | 43.540 | 45.680 | 45.530 | 45.460 | 43.750 | 45.040 | 42.530 | 37.680 |
| Iceland | 1.870 | 1.850 | 2.010 | 1.950 | 2.030 | 1.630 | 1.670 | 1.700 | 1.640 | 1.450 | 1.550 | 1.590 | 1.550 |
| Ireland | 35.530 | 35.840 | 34.580 | 34.090 | 35.430 | 37.220 | 35.890 | 35.560 | 33.900 | 31.930 | 33.680 | 32.970 | 30.170 |
| Israel | 67.510 | 73.750 | 64.770 | 62.370 | 64.020 | 63.190 | 63.920 | 59.680 | 61.650 | 57.700 | 57.020 | 59.600 | 56.420 |
| Italy | 384.100 | 366.680 | 337.580 | 319.150 | 329.660 | 325.650 | 321.480 | 317.130 | 309.310 | 274.230 | 306.760 | 310.290 | 284.100 |
| Kazakhstan | 232.490 | 229.120 | 242.980 | 199.420 | 177.060 | 193.240 | 203.250 | 207.900 | 198.090 | 203.960 | 220.850 | 225.110 | 237.280 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 7.210 | 9.560 | 8.720 | 9.030 | 9.580 | 9.070 | 8.750 | 10.390 | 9.090 | 8.260 | 9.210 | 9.080 | 9.210 |
| Latvia | 7.340 | 7.000 | 6.910 | 6.720 | 6.850 | 6.800 | 6.680 | 7.230 | 7.010 | 6.380 | 6.590 | 5.980 | 6.020 |
| Lithuania | 11.530 | 11.530 | 10.870 | 10.460 | 10.550 | 10.750 | 10.770 | 11.140 | 11.160 | 11.140 | 11.500 | 11.030 | 10.940 |
| Luxembourg | 10.520 | 10.320 | 9.800 | 9.280 | 8.800 | 8.490 | 8.640 | 8.950 | 9.110 | 7.470 | 7.850 | 6.750 | 6.420 |
| Malta | 2.570 | 2.720 | 2.370 | 2.360 | 1.660 | 1.350 | 1.520 | 1.550 | 1.660 | 1.610 | 1.620 | 1.780 | 1.780 |
| Montenegro | 2.540 | 2.330 | 2.270 | 2.220 | 2.360 | 2.150 | 2.270 | 2.500 | 2.600 | 2.530 | 2.560 | 2.650 | 2.760 |
| Netherlands | 159.380 | 158.010 | 156.800 | 149.270 | 157.460 | 158.430 | 155.630 | 151.200 | 146.010 | 130.220 | 134.070 | 121.670 | 112.020 |
| North Macedonia | 9.160 | 8.800 | 7.860 | 7.440 | 7.140 | 6.960 | 7.440 | 6.950 | 7.960 | 6.780 | 6.850 | 7.610 | 7.470 |
| Norway | 38.530 | 38.260 | 38.810 | 38.940 | 39.790 | 39.050 | 38.900 | 38.500 | 37.440 | 36.010 | 36.190 | 35.580 | 34.290 |
| Poland | 303.190 | 296.940 | 292.410 | 279.260 | 282.710 | 293.230 | 305.700 | 303.970 | 287.130 | 272.380 | 299.380 | 285.150 | 258.260 |
| Portugal | 47.050 | 45.670 | 43.740 | 42.840 | 46.930 | 46.400 | 50.740 | 47.210 | 42.340 | 36.520 | 34.960 | 35.710 | 33.490 |
| Republic of Moldova | 7.920 | 7.700 | 6.700 | 7.250 | 7.580 | 7.710 | 7.530 | 7.960 | 8.280 | 8.030 | 8.830 | 7.540 | 7.460 |
| Romania | 80.930 | 78.650 | 69.350 | 68.530 | 69.920 | 68.370 | 70.880 | 71.660 | 70.090 | 64.740 | 69.770 | 66.530 | 62.450 |
| Russian Federation | 1604.720 | 1607.940 | 1568.520 | 1551.590 | 1533.070 | 1509.680 | 1537.170 | 1592.200 | 1591.540 | 1518.210 | 1661.130 | 1656.630 | 1691.830 |
| Serbia | 50.200 | 44.910 | 45.700 | 38.310 | 44.720 | 45.890 | 46.550 | 45.320 | 45.260 | 45.370 | 44.200 | 45.010 | 43.920 |
| Slovakia | 32.850 | 31.250 | 31.780 | 29.170 | 29.440 | 30.160 | 32.210 | 31.660 | 29.630 | 27.590 | 30.640 | 28.130 | 27.430 |
| Slovenia | 15.390 | 14.810 | 14.160 | 12.690 | 12.770 | 13.560 | 13.710 | 13.620 | 13.070 | 11.990 | 12.260 | 11.950 | 11.320 |
| Spain | 265.950 | 261.520 | 236.150 | 233.080 | 248.030 | 238.830 | 255.270 | 248.700 | 232.820 | 194.510 | 211.580 | 218.010 | 200.450 |
| Sweden | 43.090 | 40.520 | 38.990 | 37.590 | 37.580 | 37.000 | 36.640 | 34.390 | 33.930 | 32.680 | 35.160 | 32.320 | 31.450 |
| Switzerland | 38.880 | 40.360 | 41.380 | 37.620 | 37.070 | 37.490 | 36.560 | 35.380 | 35.250 | 32.970 | 34.480 | 31.470 | 30.720 |
| Tajikistan | 2.420 | 2.890 | 3.010 | 4.020 | 4.210 | 4.830 | 5.230 | 6.220 | 6.910 | 7.250 | 7.390 | 7.590 | 7.770 |
| Türkiye | 287.190 | 298.420 | 285.180 | 307.170 | 318.970 | 338.870 | 378.630 | 374.700 | 366.420 | 366.190 | 400.790 | 389.980 | 392.300 |
| Turkmenistan | 61.000 | 61.630 | 57.970 | 56.340 | 60.630 | 60.040 | 65.160 | 68.000 | 66.150 | 63.230 | 82.660 | 84.200 | 85.400 |
| Ukraine | 279.440 | 273.830 | 266.490 | 234.020 | 187.390 | 197.630 | 171.140 | 181.660 | 170.400 | 161.390 | 159.570 | 101.330 | 103.840 |
| United Kingdom | 438.330 | 460.470 | 446.850 | 407.770 | 392.800 | 371.200 | 359.700 | 353.220 | 339.560 | 301.720 | 320.430 | 306.310 | 289.020 |
| United States | 5128.100 | 4902.930 | 5038.520 | 5046.560 | 4928.600 | 4838.470 | 4761.300 | 4910.380 | 4744.810 | 4257.620 | 4549.260 | 4607.590 | 4412.530 |
| Uzbekistan | 123.420 | 107.860 | 107.210 | 100.140 | 94.380 | 100.510 | 105.030 | 97.940 | 101.530 | 110.490 | 119.480 | 116.170 | 120.570 |
| Country | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
| Albania | 4.160 | 3.500 | 3.670 | 4.140 | 3.840 | 3.690 | 4.390 | 4.390 | 4.070 | 3.390 | 3.890 | 3.610 | 3.350 |
| Armenia | 4.670 | 5.440 | 5.240 | 5.240 | 5.100 | 4.910 | 5.170 | 5.400 | 5.850 | 6.330 | 6.860 | 7.050 | 6.720 |
| Austria | 66.610 | 63.440 | 64.100 | 60.420 | 61.550 | 61.970 | 64.150 | 61.300 | 62.770 | 57.370 | 59.960 | 56.680 | 52.790 |
| Azerbaijan | 26.360 | 28.800 | 29.360 | 30.710 | 30.540 | 31.200 | 30.850 | 31.400 | 33.190 | 31.960 | 33.970 | 36.380 | 38.390 |
| Belarus | 56.360 | 57.550 | 57.520 | 56.780 | 52.600 | 53.000 | 54.020 | 57.110 | 55.410 | 52.500 | 53.150 | 50.550 | 49.740 |
| Belgium | 93.870 | 92.780 | 94.060 | 87.790 | 92.820 | 91.750 | 90.360 | 90.990 | 89.830 | 82.420 | 86.170 | 80.480 | 76.890 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 23.400 | 21.650 | 21.510 | 19.190 | 19.320 | 22.030 | 22.340 | 22.240 | 20.760 | 20.520 | 20.700 | 20.600 | 19.090 |
| Bulgaria | 48.850 | 44.040 | 38.770 | 41.140 | 43.450 | 40.390 | 42.650 | 39.690 | 38.050 | 33.050 | 38.700 | 42.860 | 31.270 |
| Canada | 533.080 | 530.410 | 538.770 | 543.740 | 538.170 | 537.130 | 547.240 | 557.970 | 552.460 | 501.750 | 508.830 | 523.260 | 522.890 |
| Croatia | 17.950 | 16.360 | 15.870 | 15.010 | 15.430 | 15.800 | 16.120 | 15.220 | 15.340 | 14.410 | 15.090 | 15.670 | 16.520 |
| Cyprus | 7.090 | 6.590 | 5.680 | 5.840 | 5.970 | 6.340 | 6.440 | 6.350 | 6.400 | 5.890 | 6.020 | 6.080 | 6.070 |
| Czechia | 109.560 | 105.820 | 101.600 | 98.500 | 99.630 | 101.320 | 101.840 | 100.890 | 95.760 | 87.280 | 92.140 | 90.710 | 79.660 |
| Denmark | 42.050 | 37.150 | 38.880 | 34.690 | 32.540 | 33.960 | 31.760 | 31.760 | 28.350 | 25.970 | 27.750 | 26.810 | 24.540 |
| Estonia | 18.030 | 16.510 | 18.420 | 17.090 | 14.170 | 15.710 | 16.470 | 15.440 | 9.770 | 7.030 | 8.310 | 9.920 | 6.530 |
| Finland | 54.130 | 48.490 | 49.270 | 45.290 | 41.950 | 44.780 | 42.200 | 43.330 | 40.230 | 35.590 | 35.470 | 33.680 | 29.420 |
| France | 329.980 | 333.110 | 334.130 | 300.560 | 306.250 | 309.240 | 313.540 | 303.390 | 296.350 | 262.140 | 294.760 | 285.580 | 262.670 |
| Georgia | 5.950 | 6.610 | 7.400 | 8.030 | 8.730 | 9.120 | 9.120 | 8.970 | 9.530 | 9.310 | 9.880 | 11.020 | 11.090 |
| Germany | 731.240 | 745.140 | 763.650 | 723.110 | 729.680 | 734.490 | 718.790 | 694.540 | 645.400 | 593.100 | 618.130 | 610.170 | 549.220 |
| Greece | 82.120 | 76.990 | 68.850 | 65.730 | 64.540 | 63.080 | 63.110 | 61.600 | 56.630 | 48.030 | 49.660 | 50.820 | 47.050 |
| Hungary | 46.340 | 42.750 | 40.240 | 40.060 | 42.710 | 43.540 | 45.680 | 45.530 | 45.460 | 43.750 | 45.040 | 42.530 | 37.680 |
| Iceland | 1.870 | 1.850 | 2.010 | 1.950 | 2.030 | 1.630 | 1.670 | 1.700 | 1.640 | 1.450 | 1.550 | 1.590 | 1.550 |
| Ireland | 35.530 | 35.840 | 34.580 | 34.090 | 35.430 | 37.220 | 35.890 | 35.560 | 33.900 | 31.930 | 33.680 | 32.970 | 30.170 |
| Israel | 67.510 | 73.750 | 64.770 | 62.370 | 64.020 | 63.190 | 63.920 | 59.680 | 61.650 | 57.700 | 57.020 | 59.600 | 56.420 |
| Italy | 384.100 | 366.680 | 337.580 | 319.150 | 329.660 | 325.650 | 321.480 | 317.130 | 309.310 | 274.230 | 306.760 | 310.290 | 284.100 |
| Kazakhstan | 232.490 | 229.120 | 242.980 | 199.420 | 177.060 | 193.240 | 203.250 | 207.900 | 198.090 | 203.960 | 220.850 | 225.110 | 237.280 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 7.210 | 9.560 | 8.720 | 9.030 | 9.580 | 9.070 | 8.750 | 10.390 | 9.090 | 8.260 | 9.210 | 9.080 | 9.210 |
| Latvia | 7.340 | 7.000 | 6.910 | 6.720 | 6.850 | 6.800 | 6.680 | 7.230 | 7.010 | 6.380 | 6.590 | 5.980 | 6.020 |
| Lithuania | 11.530 | 11.530 | 10.870 | 10.460 | 10.550 | 10.750 | 10.770 | 11.140 | 11.160 | 11.140 | 11.500 | 11.030 | 10.940 |
| Luxembourg | 10.520 | 10.320 | 9.800 | 9.280 | 8.800 | 8.490 | 8.640 | 8.950 | 9.110 | 7.470 | 7.850 | 6.750 | 6.420 |
| Malta | 2.570 | 2.720 | 2.370 | 2.360 | 1.660 | 1.350 | 1.520 | 1.550 | 1.660 | 1.610 | 1.620 | 1.780 | 1.780 |
| Montenegro | 2.540 | 2.330 | 2.270 | 2.220 | 2.360 | 2.150 | 2.270 | 2.500 | 2.600 | 2.530 | 2.560 | 2.650 | 2.760 |
| Netherlands | 159.380 | 158.010 | 156.800 | 149.270 | 157.460 | 158.430 | 155.630 | 151.200 | 146.010 | 130.220 | 134.070 | 121.670 | 112.020 |
| North Macedonia | 9.160 | 8.800 | 7.860 | 7.440 | 7.140 | 6.960 | 7.440 | 6.950 | 7.960 | 6.780 | 6.850 | 7.610 | 7.470 |
| Norway | 38.530 | 38.260 | 38.810 | 38.940 | 39.790 | 39.050 | 38.900 | 38.500 | 37.440 | 36.010 | 36.190 | 35.580 | 34.290 |
| Poland | 303.190 | 296.940 | 292.410 | 279.260 | 282.710 | 293.230 | 305.700 | 303.970 | 287.130 | 272.380 | 299.380 | 285.150 | 258.260 |
| Portugal | 47.050 | 45.670 | 43.740 | 42.840 | 46.930 | 46.400 | 50.740 | 47.210 | 42.340 | 36.520 | 34.960 | 35.710 | 33.490 |
| Republic of Moldova | 7.920 | 7.700 | 6.700 | 7.250 | 7.580 | 7.710 | 7.530 | 7.960 | 8.280 | 8.030 | 8.830 | 7.540 | 7.460 |
| Romania | 80.930 | 78.650 | 69.350 | 68.530 | 69.920 | 68.370 | 70.880 | 71.660 | 70.090 | 64.740 | 69.770 | 66.530 | 62.450 |
| Russian Federation | 1604.720 | 1607.940 | 1568.520 | 1551.590 | 1533.070 | 1509.680 | 1537.170 | 1592.200 | 1591.540 | 1518.210 | 1661.130 | 1656.630 | 1691.830 |
| Serbia | 50.200 | 44.910 | 45.700 | 38.310 | 44.720 | 45.890 | 46.550 | 45.320 | 45.260 | 45.370 | 44.200 | 45.010 | 43.920 |
| Slovakia | 32.850 | 31.250 | 31.780 | 29.170 | 29.440 | 30.160 | 32.210 | 31.660 | 29.630 | 27.590 | 30.640 | 28.130 | 27.430 |
| Slovenia | 15.390 | 14.810 | 14.160 | 12.690 | 12.770 | 13.560 | 13.710 | 13.620 | 13.070 | 11.990 | 12.260 | 11.950 | 11.320 |
| Spain | 265.950 | 261.520 | 236.150 | 233.080 | 248.030 | 238.830 | 255.270 | 248.700 | 232.820 | 194.510 | 211.580 | 218.010 | 200.450 |
| Sweden | 43.090 | 40.520 | 38.990 | 37.590 | 37.580 | 37.000 | 36.640 | 34.390 | 33.930 | 32.680 | 35.160 | 32.320 | 31.450 |
| Switzerland | 38.880 | 40.360 | 41.380 | 37.620 | 37.070 | 37.490 | 36.560 | 35.380 | 35.250 | 32.970 | 34.480 | 31.470 | 30.720 |
| Tajikistan | 2.420 | 2.890 | 3.010 | 4.020 | 4.210 | 4.830 | 5.230 | 6.220 | 6.910 | 7.250 | 7.390 | 7.590 | 7.770 |
| Türkiye | 287.190 | 298.420 | 285.180 | 307.170 | 318.970 | 338.870 | 378.630 | 374.700 | 366.420 | 366.190 | 400.790 | 389.980 | 392.300 |
| Turkmenistan | 61.000 | 61.630 | 57.970 | 56.340 | 60.630 | 60.040 | 65.160 | 68.000 | 66.150 | 63.230 | 82.660 | 84.200 | 85.400 |
| Ukraine | 279.440 | 273.830 | 266.490 | 234.020 | 187.390 | 197.630 | 171.140 | 181.660 | 170.400 | 161.390 | 159.570 | 101.330 | 103.840 |
| United Kingdom | 438.330 | 460.470 | 446.850 | 407.770 | 392.800 | 371.200 | 359.700 | 353.220 | 339.560 | 301.720 | 320.430 | 306.310 | 289.020 |
| United States | 5128.100 | 4902.930 | 5038.520 | 5046.560 | 4928.600 | 4838.470 | 4761.300 | 4910.380 | 4744.810 | 4257.620 | 4549.260 | 4607.590 | 4412.530 |
| Uzbekistan | 123.420 | 107.860 | 107.210 | 100.140 | 94.380 | 100.510 | 105.030 | 97.940 | 101.530 | 110.490 | 119.480 | 116.170 | 120.570 |
INDICATOR 9.4.1
Carbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion. Carbon dioxide (CO2) from fuel combustion in millions of tonnes.
TARGET 9.4
By 2030, upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable, with increased resource-use efficiency and greater adoption of clean and environmentally sound technologies and industrial processes, with all countries taking action in accordance with their respective capabilities.
GOAL 9
Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
METADATA
See United Nations Global SDG Database