Indicator 6.4.1 (a)
Change in water-use efficiency over time, total, United States dollars per cubic meter
Change in water use efficiency over time (CWUE): The change in the ratio of the value added to the volume of water use, over time. Water Use Efficiency (WUE) is defined as the value added of a given major sector1 divided by the volume of water used. Following the United Nations International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities ISIC 4 coding , sectors are defined as: 1. agriculture; forestry; fishing (ISIC A), hereinafter “agriculture”; 2. mining and quarrying; manufacturing; electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply; constructions (ISIC B, C, D and F), hereinafter “MIMEC”; 3. all the service sectors (ISIC E and ISIC G-T), hereinafter “services”.
Country | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
Albania | 6.5 | 6.8 | 7.1 | 7.3 | 7.6 | 7.9 | 9.6 | 10.0 | 8.4 | 10.1 | 8.7 | 12.1 | 13.1 |
Armenia | 3.0 | 3.4 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.5 |
Austria | 92.2 | 93.5 | 97.0 | 98.4 | 99.6 | 101.3 | 103.3 | 106.3 | 109.6 | 113.6 | 116.5 | 109.4 | 113.9 |
Azerbaijan | 3.7 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.7 |
Belarus | .. | .. | 29.4 | 29.8 | 31.0 | 30.3 | 31.4 | 30.2 | 32.0 | 33.1 | 34.9 | 35.5 | 33.9 |
Belgium | 62.2 | 67.7 | 73.4 | 78.7 | 84.8 | 93.3 | 102.9 | 100.6 | 95.9 | 102.6 | 107.0 | 94.3 | 99.4 |
Bulgaria | 6.3 | 6.7 | 6.3 | 7.1 | 7.3 | 7.5 | 7.4 | 7.6 | 7.8 | 8.5 | 8.8 | 9.1 | 10.0 |
Canada | 32.2 | 31.8 | 33.7 | 35.2 | 37.1 | 39.3 | 40.5 | 40.2 | 40.8 | 43.0 | 44.7 | 43.5 | 45.6 |
Croatia | 60.6 | 37.4 | 36.5 | 34.9 | 35.5 | 35.9 | 37.0 | 37.7 | 43.3 | 44.7 | 45.7 | 41.8 | 47.4 |
Cyprus | 99.9 | 92.0 | 85.5 | 72.2 | 67.2 | 59.8 | 58.4 | 58.4 | 65.0 | 71.2 | 78.9 | 76.2 | 76.7 |
Czechia | 80.4 | 84.5 | 88.0 | 83.2 | 92.3 | 95.3 | 103.3 | 103.3 | 109.3 | 116.1 | 126.8 | 132.9 | 139.3 |
Denmark | 367.6 | 337.3 | 329.7 | 342.5 | 299.7 | 310.3 | 320.4 | 302.9 | 307.9 | 254.6 | 302.6 | 286.2 | 301.6 |
Estonia | 11.6 | 8.9 | 9.3 | 11.1 | 10.6 | 11.0 | 12.1 | 11.3 | 11.8 | 13.7 | 22.6 | 26.9 | 24.7 |
Finland | 84.0 | 86.1 | 87.1 | 84.9 | 83.1 | 83.0 | 83.3 | 87.9 | 91.0 | 75.3 | 61.2 | 59.9 | 61.9 |
France | 71.2 | 71.9 | 69.4 | 74.8 | 77.8 | 78.0 | 76.4 | 82.2 | 82.1 | 83.5 | 87.5 | 85.9 | 91.1 |
Georgia | 5.0 | 5.5 | 6.0 | 6.5 | 6.8 | 7.2 | 7.6 | 7.9 | 9.6 | 10.7 | 9.3 | 8.2 | 9.4 |
Germany | 66.4 | 70.2 | 78.3 | 85.2 | 91.4 | 94.2 | 100.5 | 101.8 | 113.4 | 118.2 | 124.6 | 120.8 | 123.5 |
Greece | 23.1 | 21.4 | 19.1 | 17.4 | 17.1 | 17.1 | 17.0 | 16.4 | 16.6 | 16.8 | 17.1 | 15.7 | 17.0 |
Hungary | 17.1 | 17.6 | 18.1 | 18.1 | 20.4 | 23.0 | 23.4 | 23.9 | 24.2 | 24.4 | 27.5 | 24.5 | 26.3 |
Iceland | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 51.5 | 53.3 | 61.0 | 59.3 | 62.4 | 64.3 | 60.0 | 61.9 |
Ireland | 245.6 | 206.8 | 202.4 | 198.9 | 193.0 | 199.2 | 251.7 | 247.3 | 224.4 | 213.9 | 224.5 | 239.1 | 263.7 |
Israel | 113.7 | 114.5 | 118.4 | 119.9 | 122.9 | 125.1 | 125.8 | 124.0 | 127.5 | 134.8 | 137.7 | 130.6 | 128.9 |
Italy | 49.3 | 49.8 | 49.9 | 48.2 | 47.3 | 47.3 | 47.6 | 48.3 | 49.3 | 49.9 | 50.1 | 45.9 | 48.6 |
Kazakhstan | 5.8 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 7.0 | 7.7 | 7.0 | 7.3 | 7.9 | 8.2 | 7.7 | 8.0 |
Kyrgyzstan | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
Latvia | 88.9 | 80.2 | 79.5 | 82.5 | 88.2 | 131.8 | 130.4 | 126.3 | 137.3 | 136.0 | 142.8 | 137.6 | 144.3 |
Lithuania | 23.2 | 27.5 | 35.3 | 46.8 | 67.5 | 98.8 | 91.2 | 119.8 | 147.6 | 157.6 | 164.3 | 163.2 | 172.6 |
Luxembourg | 992.2 | 1021.9 | 1007.3 | 1112.9 | 1186.8 | 1146.2 | 1223.3 | 1294.9 | 1273.1 | 1122.4 | 1216.6 | 1190.0 | .. |
Malta | 177.3 | 187.4 | 187.0 | 196.2 | 181.1 | 138.0 | 157.2 | 158.8 | 169.3 | 185.3 | 202.9 | 187.2 | 215.2 |
Montenegro | .. | 17.5 | 18.0 | 17.7 | 17.8 | 17.8 | 18.8 | 19.6 | 20.4 | 21.5 | 22.3 | 19.0 | 21.3 |
Netherlands | 59.6 | 59.7 | 61.2 | 61.5 | 66.6 | 74.6 | 80.6 | 85.8 | 89.6 | 90.1 | 88.1 | 85.8 | 91.8 |
North Macedonia | 9.0 | 9.5 | 10.9 | 4.3 | 15.1 | 14.5 | 18.2 | 7.9 | 15.2 | 3.9 | 5.7 | 12.4 | 5.6 |
Norway | 108.9 | 110.6 | 113.9 | 119.0 | 118.9 | 119.9 | 124.4 | 127.3 | 128.6 | 130.8 | 131.7 | 129.9 | 139.7 |
Poland | 29.8 | 32.3 | 34.0 | 32.8 | 35.5 | 36.9 | 39.3 | 40.1 | 43.7 | 46.4 | 49.7 | 52.0 | 51.7 |
Portugal | 21.5 | 22.4 | 22.7 | 22.6 | 23.3 | 24.3 | 25.7 | 27.2 | 29.1 | 30.8 | 30.9 | 28.5 | 29.9 |
Republic of Moldova | 5.0 | 5.2 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 6.5 | 7.1 | 7.2 | 7.5 | 7.8 | 8.2 | 8.6 | 8.5 | 9.4 |
Romania | 19.9 | 21.0 | 20.3 | 21.4 | 21.4 | 23.0 | 23.0 | 24.5 | 25.2 | 28.2 | 26.9 | 24.7 | 24.2 |
Russian Federation | 15.9 | 16.8 | 17.6 | 18.5 | 19.1 | 16.4 | 18.8 | 18.2 | 18.7 | 19.0 | 19.5 | 18.9 | 19.8 |
Serbia | .. | .. | .. | 7.8 | 7.4 | 7.6 | 6.5 | 6.7 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.3 | 6.5 | 7.4 |
Slovakia | 107.5 | 120.6 | 124.1 | 109.4 | 144.1 | 132.4 | 141.3 | 148.9 | 146.8 | 152.5 | 156.3 | 152.3 | 152.8 |
Slovenia | .. | 38.3 | 38.5 | 37.9 | 30.0 | 36.3 | 40.5 | 42.4 | 42.6 | 43.0 | 45.5 | 41.5 | 48.3 |
Spain | 30.4 | 30.6 | 30.6 | 28.4 | 31.4 | 31.3 | 33.7 | 35.0 | 37.4 | 39.1 | 40.3 | 36.1 | 37.8 |
Sweden | 139.3 | 146.2 | 155.1 | 158.3 | 164.4 | 173.5 | 186.1 | 194.4 | 204.9 | 214.8 | 225.9 | 189.5 | 239.2 |
Switzerland | .. | .. | .. | 317.8 | 377.3 | 390.1 | 389.9 | 398.6 | 405.0 | 409.6 | 423.9 | 410.9 | 432.4 |
Tajikistan | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.1 |
Türkiye | 11.0 | 11.3 | 11.9 | 12.2 | 12.7 | 13.3 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 14.0 | 14.1 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 16.4 |
Turkmenistan | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 2.0 |
Ukraine | 5.5 | 5.6 | 6.0 | 6.5 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 6.3 | 6.6 | 7.1 | 7.6 | 7.8 |
United Kingdom | 291.4 | 296.6 | 310.2 | 294.7 | 325.9 | 356.6 | 318.6 | 315.4 | 323.4 | 329.1 | 334.7 | 300.6 | 320.9 |
United States | 31.6 | 33.5 | 34.5 | 36.0 | 37.2 | 38.8 | 40.7 | 41.4 | 42.3 | 43.5 | 44.6 | 43.4 | 45.9 |
Uzbekistan | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 2.5 |
Country | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
Albania | 6.5 | 6.8 | 7.1 | 7.3 | 7.6 | 7.9 | 9.6 | 10.0 | 8.4 | 10.1 | 8.7 | 12.1 | 13.1 |
Armenia | 3.0 | 3.4 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.5 |
Austria | 92.2 | 93.5 | 97.0 | 98.4 | 99.6 | 101.3 | 103.3 | 106.3 | 109.6 | 113.6 | 116.5 | 109.4 | 113.9 |
Azerbaijan | 3.7 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.7 |
Belarus | .. | .. | 29.4 | 29.8 | 31.0 | 30.3 | 31.4 | 30.2 | 32.0 | 33.1 | 34.9 | 35.5 | 33.9 |
Belgium | 62.2 | 67.7 | 73.4 | 78.7 | 84.8 | 93.3 | 102.9 | 100.6 | 95.9 | 102.6 | 107.0 | 94.3 | 99.4 |
Bulgaria | 6.3 | 6.7 | 6.3 | 7.1 | 7.3 | 7.5 | 7.4 | 7.6 | 7.8 | 8.5 | 8.8 | 9.1 | 10.0 |
Canada | 32.2 | 31.8 | 33.7 | 35.2 | 37.1 | 39.3 | 40.5 | 40.2 | 40.8 | 43.0 | 44.7 | 43.5 | 45.6 |
Croatia | 60.6 | 37.4 | 36.5 | 34.9 | 35.5 | 35.9 | 37.0 | 37.7 | 43.3 | 44.7 | 45.7 | 41.8 | 47.4 |
Cyprus | 99.9 | 92.0 | 85.5 | 72.2 | 67.2 | 59.8 | 58.4 | 58.4 | 65.0 | 71.2 | 78.9 | 76.2 | 76.7 |
Czechia | 80.4 | 84.5 | 88.0 | 83.2 | 92.3 | 95.3 | 103.3 | 103.3 | 109.3 | 116.1 | 126.8 | 132.9 | 139.3 |
Denmark | 367.6 | 337.3 | 329.7 | 342.5 | 299.7 | 310.3 | 320.4 | 302.9 | 307.9 | 254.6 | 302.6 | 286.2 | 301.6 |
Estonia | 11.6 | 8.9 | 9.3 | 11.1 | 10.6 | 11.0 | 12.1 | 11.3 | 11.8 | 13.7 | 22.6 | 26.9 | 24.7 |
Finland | 84.0 | 86.1 | 87.1 | 84.9 | 83.1 | 83.0 | 83.3 | 87.9 | 91.0 | 75.3 | 61.2 | 59.9 | 61.9 |
France | 71.2 | 71.9 | 69.4 | 74.8 | 77.8 | 78.0 | 76.4 | 82.2 | 82.1 | 83.5 | 87.5 | 85.9 | 91.1 |
Georgia | 5.0 | 5.5 | 6.0 | 6.5 | 6.8 | 7.2 | 7.6 | 7.9 | 9.6 | 10.7 | 9.3 | 8.2 | 9.4 |
Germany | 66.4 | 70.2 | 78.3 | 85.2 | 91.4 | 94.2 | 100.5 | 101.8 | 113.4 | 118.2 | 124.6 | 120.8 | 123.5 |
Greece | 23.1 | 21.4 | 19.1 | 17.4 | 17.1 | 17.1 | 17.0 | 16.4 | 16.6 | 16.8 | 17.1 | 15.7 | 17.0 |
Hungary | 17.1 | 17.6 | 18.1 | 18.1 | 20.4 | 23.0 | 23.4 | 23.9 | 24.2 | 24.4 | 27.5 | 24.5 | 26.3 |
Iceland | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 51.5 | 53.3 | 61.0 | 59.3 | 62.4 | 64.3 | 60.0 | 61.9 |
Ireland | 245.6 | 206.8 | 202.4 | 198.9 | 193.0 | 199.2 | 251.7 | 247.3 | 224.4 | 213.9 | 224.5 | 239.1 | 263.7 |
Israel | 113.7 | 114.5 | 118.4 | 119.9 | 122.9 | 125.1 | 125.8 | 124.0 | 127.5 | 134.8 | 137.7 | 130.6 | 128.9 |
Italy | 49.3 | 49.8 | 49.9 | 48.2 | 47.3 | 47.3 | 47.6 | 48.3 | 49.3 | 49.9 | 50.1 | 45.9 | 48.6 |
Kazakhstan | 5.8 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 7.0 | 7.7 | 7.0 | 7.3 | 7.9 | 8.2 | 7.7 | 8.0 |
Kyrgyzstan | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
Latvia | 88.9 | 80.2 | 79.5 | 82.5 | 88.2 | 131.8 | 130.4 | 126.3 | 137.3 | 136.0 | 142.8 | 137.6 | 144.3 |
Lithuania | 23.2 | 27.5 | 35.3 | 46.8 | 67.5 | 98.8 | 91.2 | 119.8 | 147.6 | 157.6 | 164.3 | 163.2 | 172.6 |
Luxembourg | 992.2 | 1021.9 | 1007.3 | 1112.9 | 1186.8 | 1146.2 | 1223.3 | 1294.9 | 1273.1 | 1122.4 | 1216.6 | 1190.0 | .. |
Malta | 177.3 | 187.4 | 187.0 | 196.2 | 181.1 | 138.0 | 157.2 | 158.8 | 169.3 | 185.3 | 202.9 | 187.2 | 215.2 |
Montenegro | .. | 17.5 | 18.0 | 17.7 | 17.8 | 17.8 | 18.8 | 19.6 | 20.4 | 21.5 | 22.3 | 19.0 | 21.3 |
Netherlands | 59.6 | 59.7 | 61.2 | 61.5 | 66.6 | 74.6 | 80.6 | 85.8 | 89.6 | 90.1 | 88.1 | 85.8 | 91.8 |
North Macedonia | 9.0 | 9.5 | 10.9 | 4.3 | 15.1 | 14.5 | 18.2 | 7.9 | 15.2 | 3.9 | 5.7 | 12.4 | 5.6 |
Norway | 108.9 | 110.6 | 113.9 | 119.0 | 118.9 | 119.9 | 124.4 | 127.3 | 128.6 | 130.8 | 131.7 | 129.9 | 139.7 |
Poland | 29.8 | 32.3 | 34.0 | 32.8 | 35.5 | 36.9 | 39.3 | 40.1 | 43.7 | 46.4 | 49.7 | 52.0 | 51.7 |
Portugal | 21.5 | 22.4 | 22.7 | 22.6 | 23.3 | 24.3 | 25.7 | 27.2 | 29.1 | 30.8 | 30.9 | 28.5 | 29.9 |
Republic of Moldova | 5.0 | 5.2 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 6.5 | 7.1 | 7.2 | 7.5 | 7.8 | 8.2 | 8.6 | 8.5 | 9.4 |
Romania | 19.9 | 21.0 | 20.3 | 21.4 | 21.4 | 23.0 | 23.0 | 24.5 | 25.2 | 28.2 | 26.9 | 24.7 | 24.2 |
Russian Federation | 15.9 | 16.8 | 17.6 | 18.5 | 19.1 | 16.4 | 18.8 | 18.2 | 18.7 | 19.0 | 19.5 | 18.9 | 19.8 |
Serbia | .. | .. | .. | 7.8 | 7.4 | 7.6 | 6.5 | 6.7 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.3 | 6.5 | 7.4 |
Slovakia | 107.5 | 120.6 | 124.1 | 109.4 | 144.1 | 132.4 | 141.3 | 148.9 | 146.8 | 152.5 | 156.3 | 152.3 | 152.8 |
Slovenia | .. | 38.3 | 38.5 | 37.9 | 30.0 | 36.3 | 40.5 | 42.4 | 42.6 | 43.0 | 45.5 | 41.5 | 48.3 |
Spain | 30.4 | 30.6 | 30.6 | 28.4 | 31.4 | 31.3 | 33.7 | 35.0 | 37.4 | 39.1 | 40.3 | 36.1 | 37.8 |
Sweden | 139.3 | 146.2 | 155.1 | 158.3 | 164.4 | 173.5 | 186.1 | 194.4 | 204.9 | 214.8 | 225.9 | 189.5 | 239.2 |
Switzerland | .. | .. | .. | 317.8 | 377.3 | 390.1 | 389.9 | 398.6 | 405.0 | 409.6 | 423.9 | 410.9 | 432.4 |
Tajikistan | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.1 |
Türkiye | 11.0 | 11.3 | 11.9 | 12.2 | 12.7 | 13.3 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 14.0 | 14.1 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 16.4 |
Turkmenistan | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 2.0 |
Ukraine | 5.5 | 5.6 | 6.0 | 6.5 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 6.3 | 6.6 | 7.1 | 7.6 | 7.8 |
United Kingdom | 291.4 | 296.6 | 310.2 | 294.7 | 325.9 | 356.6 | 318.6 | 315.4 | 323.4 | 329.1 | 334.7 | 300.6 | 320.9 |
United States | 31.6 | 33.5 | 34.5 | 36.0 | 37.2 | 38.8 | 40.7 | 41.4 | 42.3 | 43.5 | 44.6 | 43.4 | 45.9 |
Uzbekistan | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 2.5 |