Indicator 6.4.1 (b)
Change in water-use efficiency over time, agriculture, United States dollars per cubic meter
Change in water use efficiency over time (CWUE): The change in the ratio of the value added to the volume of water use, over time. Water Use Efficiency (WUE) is defined as the value added of a given major sector1 divided by the volume of water used. Following the United Nations International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities ISIC 4 coding , sectors are defined as: 1. agriculture; forestry; fishing (ISIC A), hereinafter “agriculture”; 2. mining and quarrying; manufacturing; electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply; constructions (ISIC B, C, D and F), hereinafter “MIMEC”; 3. all the service sectors (ISIC E and ISIC G-T), hereinafter “services”.
| Country | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
| Albania | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 1.7 |
| Armenia | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Austria | 1.9 | 2.7 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.9 |
| Azerbaijan | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Belarus | .. | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Belgium | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.3 |
| Bulgaria | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
| Canada | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
| Croatia | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
| Cyprus | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
| Czechia | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.6 |
| Denmark | 3.0 | 3.0 | 4.6 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 0.9 |
| Estonia | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
| Finland | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| France | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 2.0 |
| Georgia | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 |
| Germany | 1.9 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 2.1 |
| Greece | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Hungary | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| Iceland | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1.3 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.9 |
| Ireland | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Israel | 2.2 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.1 |
| Italy | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.9 |
| Kazakhstan | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Latvia | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Lithuania | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Luxembourg | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | .. |
| Malta | 2.3 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 2.3 | 3.2 |
| Montenegro | 3.8 | 4.1 | 3.7 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 3.8 |
| Netherlands | 22.5 | 19.0 | 35.7 | 19.4 | 28.3 | 25.1 | 21.6 | 26.7 | 18.4 | 19.7 | 20.1 | 25.1 |
| North Macedonia | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
| Norway | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 |
| Poland | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Portugal | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
| Republic of Moldova | 0.4 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.4 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 4.0 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 2.5 | 3.4 |
| Romania | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 |
| Russian Federation | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Serbia | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Slovakia | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 2.8 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.7 |
| Slovenia | 13.0 | 6.4 | 6.6 | 3.4 | 6.0 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 4.1 | 7.0 | 6.7 | 8.5 | 9.1 |
| Spain | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Sweden | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.6 |
| Switzerland | 4.2 | 4.4 | 4.2 | 4.7 | 5.5 | 5.2 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 6.3 | 6.0 |
| Tajikistan | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Türkiye | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Turkmenistan | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Ukraine | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| United Kingdom | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 |
| United States | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Uzbekistan | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 |
| Country | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
| Albania | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 1.7 |
| Armenia | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Austria | 1.9 | 2.7 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.9 |
| Azerbaijan | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Belarus | .. | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Belgium | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.3 |
| Bulgaria | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
| Canada | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
| Croatia | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
| Cyprus | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
| Czechia | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.6 |
| Denmark | 3.0 | 3.0 | 4.6 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 0.9 |
| Estonia | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
| Finland | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| France | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 2.0 |
| Georgia | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 |
| Germany | 1.9 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 2.1 |
| Greece | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Hungary | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| Iceland | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1.3 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.9 |
| Ireland | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Israel | 2.2 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.1 |
| Italy | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.9 |
| Kazakhstan | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Latvia | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Lithuania | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Luxembourg | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | .. |
| Malta | 2.3 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 2.3 | 3.2 |
| Montenegro | 3.8 | 4.1 | 3.7 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 3.8 |
| Netherlands | 22.5 | 19.0 | 35.7 | 19.4 | 28.3 | 25.1 | 21.6 | 26.7 | 18.4 | 19.7 | 20.1 | 25.1 |
| North Macedonia | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
| Norway | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 |
| Poland | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Portugal | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
| Republic of Moldova | 0.4 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.4 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 4.0 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 2.5 | 3.4 |
| Romania | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 |
| Russian Federation | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Serbia | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Slovakia | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 2.8 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.7 |
| Slovenia | 13.0 | 6.4 | 6.6 | 3.4 | 6.0 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 4.1 | 7.0 | 6.7 | 8.5 | 9.1 |
| Spain | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Sweden | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.6 |
| Switzerland | 4.2 | 4.4 | 4.2 | 4.7 | 5.5 | 5.2 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 6.3 | 6.0 |
| Tajikistan | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Türkiye | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Turkmenistan | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Ukraine | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| United Kingdom | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 |
| United States | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Uzbekistan | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 |